Sunday, May 24, 2020
Social Factors Of Public Policies Essay - 3259 Words
Social Factors Studentââ¬â¢s Name Institution Affiliation Introduction Social problems are highly caused by the improper administration of laws, distribution of wealth, opportunities, and privileges in a society. Justice is at the heart of many legal, political, religious and philosophical arguments. Social factors affect all persons, irrespective of ethnic origin, gender, possessions, race and religion to be treated equally and without prejudice. Public policies are expected to solve problems efficiently and effectively, serve justice, support governmental institutions and policies and encourage active citizenship. However, public policies at both the local state and national level may contribute to social problems. Some of these rules impose restrictions on the freedom needed by individuals hence limiting the aspect of fairness and equality in the society. Moving towards the right direction and building a stable complete functional community in the world will be noted only if the negative aspects in the society are done away with as soon as possible . This paper is a discussion on several aspects in the society; inequality, gender, race and ethnicity, work and economy, marriage and family. Part I: Inequality. The social disparity has negative effects especially to those affected by this unfortunate element in the society. Equality in the society is an important factor, as it brings feelings of appreciation and a sense of belonging, which is required by allShow MoreRelatedPublic Policy Of Globalization On Canada Essay1692 Words à |à 7 PagesPublic Policy of Globalization in Canada The government is what makes executive decision for the public policy. Society is influenced by our living and working conditions which shape health. The social determinants of heath shape material, psychosocial, and behavioral routes. However, stages of life like, genetics, early life, and cultural factors are some components that influence health. The Canadian welfare state shape public policies enhance the social determinants in Canada and the low qualityRead MorePublic Policy And Public Health1031 Words à |à 5 Pagessection describes the term public policy, taking into account a number of policy definitions from both public administration and public health, and as well as several policy influencing factors. The second section addresses physical activity policy in particular, providing a definition of physical activity policy as well as suggested criteria that characterize successful physical activity policy. The third section gives an insight into policy evaluationâ⬠¦ What is public policy? The National CollaboratingRead MoreBenefits Of Continuous Improvement Of Health Care System1399 Words à |à 6 Pagessociety. Recently, this phenomenon can be easily observed across many Asian countries including Korea, Japan, and China, which challenges policy makers in these countries how to take care for the increasing elderly population. Numerous scholars have empirically examined that individual subjective well-being may be considerably affected by oneââ¬â¢s own physical, social and economic conditions (e.g., income, education, employment status, and health). However, empirical research on the effects of geographicRead MoreThe Conflict Between Personal Experience And The Wider Society910 Words à |à 4 Pagesnatural feature of a city throughout the world. While the public perceptions of these ââ¬Å"undesirablesâ⬠are lazy, dangerous, and ignorant, it is not solely their fault and choice to be on the streets. Sociological imagination, as coined and defined by C. Wrigh t Mills, is ââ¬Å"the vivid awareness of the relationship between personal experience and the wider societyâ⬠. Simply put, it is the ability to interpret situations and circumstances in terms of social context and understand how they interact and influenceRead MoreJudith Walzer Leavitts Typhoid Mary Essay1345 Words à |à 6 Pagesapplied to public policy. This paper will focus on the subjectivity of science and its interaction with social factors which allowed health officials to ââ¬Å"lock[ing] up one person in the face of thousandsâ⬠, and why that one person was ââ¬Å"Typhoid Maryâ⬠Mary Mallon (Leavitt p. #). Typhoid Mary was first published in 1996 by Judith Walzer Leavitt. The book centers on the life of Mary Mallon, who was one of the first known typhoid carriers. The story recounts Marys life in the early 1900s and social and publicRead MoreEvidence Based Policy Making And The Influence Of Intangibles1635 Words à |à 7 PagesEvidence-based Policy-making and the Influence of Intangibles ââ¬ËThe $200 Million Decisionââ¬â¢ case study provides insight into agenda setting and policy formulation. It highlights the place of the social construction of issues and policy windows in agenda setting. Also, the case study allows us to reflect upon the role of consultation, collaboration and advocacy in framing persuasive policy recommendations. The power of evidence-based policy formulation as well as the importance of other intangible factors in influencingRead MoreEssay about Nutrition in Public Health 1165 Words à |à 5 PagesNutrition in public health: Objectives: Ensure that students acquire specific knowledge for the analysis of food and nutrition problems in population groups. Identify the causal factors of the state of nutrition in communities. Be able to take part in the planning and programming for prevention and control activities within the field of nutrition in public health. Program: I. Concept of public health: Historical evolution. Population and food. Quality of life and socioeconomic developmentRead MoreThe Canada s Aging Population1527 Words à |à 7 PagesThe Canadaââ¬â¢s aging population, those 55 years and older, stands at 30.8% of the Canadaââ¬â¢s total. This segment of Canadaââ¬â¢s population is growing due to demographic factors such as births and deaths rates, health and immigration, and will continue to grow for the next 50 years. Because of advances in medicine, health and nutrition, Canadians are living longer and are more active. Many of them too, have more disposable income than earlier generations of aged population. They see themselves as ââ¬Å"aliveRead MoreSocial Determinants Of Health And Health1170 Words à |à 5 PagesSocial determinants of health are social, economic and physical factors that affect the health of individuals in any given population. There are fourteen social determinants of health but Income is perhaps the most important of these because it shapes living conditions, influences health related behaviors, and determines food security. In Canada, people with lower incomes are more susceptible to disease/ conditions, higher mortality rate, decreased life expectancy and poorer perceived health thanRead MoreCorruption And Corruption Of The Public Sector1530 Words à |à 7 Pagesand corruption in the public sector, is endemic and unavoidable in all societies 1 The supportive reasons of unavoidable bribery and corruption Bribery and corruption in the public sector have been investigated by government for many years, while such hidden bribery and corruption are the behaviour that members working in the public sector indiscriminately take actions. Bribery and corruption are due to membersââ¬â¢ heart swell and unsound personality so as to break the public welfare nature (Tackett
Wednesday, May 13, 2020
Minimum Wage Should Be Legal - 1307 Words
The concept of minimum wage has been a huge issue among Americans and has really become a large discussion point among a lot of the political debates as well as the Internet recently. According to the United States Department of Labor, ââ¬Å"The federal minimum wage is $7.25 per hour effective July 24, 2009. Many states also have minimum wage laws. Some state laws provide greater employee protections; employers must comply with bothâ⬠. Regardless of the constant debates that occur on whether or not minimum wage should be a livable wage or merely a segway job for teenagers, a majority of these workers are older than 25 years old. As reported by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics in 2014, of the 77,207, 61,883 of them are 25 years of age areâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦In 1938, President Franklin D. Roosevelt signed into effect the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA). Among other things it banned child labor, limited the workweek to 44 hours, and set the national minimum wage at 25 cents an hour (United States Department of Labor). This is one of 121 bills put forth by Roosevelt after Congress had adjourned. The purpose of the bill is associated with the Great Depression. For the purpose of assisting the nation back onto its feet after the Great Depression, this solution has succeeded, but unfortunately the issue had evolved and this one act could not sustain the growth of a nation. So technically this is no longer a solution for this very important issue. There has been a somewhat steady increase in wages through adjustments of the act, up to the current solution, but according to the Pew Research Center and the Economist, the set wages are actually less than what they use to be due to inflation: ââ¬Å"Adjusted for inflation, the federal minimum wage peaked in 1968 at $8.54 (in 2014 dollars). Since it was last raised in 2009, to the current $7.25 per hour, the federal minimum has lost about 8.1% of its purchasing power to inflationâ⬠. This c lear disconnect proves that the previous solution(s) is no longer working and therefore needs to be adjusted to meet Americaââ¬â¢s ever growing economy. As previously stated, in 2009 a adjustment to the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) was added. This
Wednesday, May 6, 2020
Computer-Mediated Communication Free Essays
Many problems arise when people communicate over the internet. In fact, over the past few weeks, with our class communicating via email and GoogleSites, I encountered a few obstacles. It was difficult to process all the information being sent out. We will write a custom essay sample on Computer-Mediated Communication or any similar topic only for you Order Now I was wary of reading every single post because it was just so much information. I certainly thought it was a great way to really see how computer mediated communication affected relationships. The interesting thing is that my generation is so keen on using facebook, twitter, myspace, etc. But when it comes to something like email, it feels disorganized or confusing to us. When it came to the GoogleSites, I found it difficult to navigate through everything. I rarely check my email and really just use it to send junk mail to. Relationships develop differently over the internet than in person or over the phone. For one thing, the internet creates a certain veil for people hide behind. Here you can take as much time as you like to think about what you will say. You have much more power to direct which way the conversation will go. You have the ability to say whatever you please without much of a consequence. There is also a huge disconnect between the two people communicating. Itââ¬â¢s not uncommon for strangers to get in heated political debates, saying hurtful things in order to get a message across. Itââ¬â¢s much less common to lose control of yourself when speaking face-to-face because there are possible consequences if you offend the other person. You may feel more sympathy and guilt. Whereas on the internet, the disconnect is greater. The internet can be very beneficial for relationships, however. For instance, many people who have difficulty communicating their thoughts to people in person, now have the ability to speak freely and comfortably. They often find it easier to talk to another person this way. Another benefit is the easy access to communicating on the internet when no other communication is available. Soldiers across seas may be able to speak daily to their loved ones over the internet. During the wars before the internet, soldiers relied on written letters. This may be a more romantic and story tale way of communicating, but the reality is, the internet brings much comfort to the soldier and his family. There are obvious downsides of communicating over the internet. Relationships may often develop too rapidly or dishonestly because of it. Feedback from one person to the other may become unclear create confusion. In person, because of body language, eye contact, and vocal tone, it is much easier to communicate clearly and express your thoughts. While we can still express our thoughts on the internet, we must take into account that our voice, body language, and tone, are all missing. It is especially important to express your thoughts clearly on the internet so that all audiences and people you are speaking with understand you clearly. The internet is a window to almost all information you could possibly be in search for. It is the world in the palm of your hand. Yet most people do not use it for this purpose. It can be a huge distraction and time waster when it comes to getting things completed. Students often use it as a way to keep their minds off of homework that needs doing. I strongly believe that it contributes to a personââ¬â¢s attention span, making it easy to multitask and do a million things at once. Life used to move more slowly, assignments were done thoroughly and thoughtfully with complete attention on the task at hand. Now, students may find it difficult just to sit down for an hour and focus on one thing. When things need doing, they are usually done quickly and thoughtlessly without much effort being put into it. The one thing that makes computer-mediated communication different from any other form of communication is the speed at which you can communicate. There is almost no waiting for the message to be sent, just instant communication. The beauty of communication before the internet was how important it was to people. They held it very close to themselves and it was a very personal thing to everyone. Now, communication has lost its quality. Sure, itââ¬â¢s communication, but itââ¬â¢s not nearly as personal. People speak without thinking, or even feeling. Relationships are diluted because of the internet. They are not as genuine, as rare, as special, anymore. Relationships formed before speaking on the internet may still be genuine and valuable. But relationships formed on the internet often develop too quickly and possibly dishonestly. There is no sure way to tell when a person is telling the truth and it is much harder to get to know a person this way. To overcome the problems associated with computer-mediated communication we must be able to trust what we are reading from the person sending the message. The biggest and most crucial rule I would create would be honesty. It is so easy to form a different identity on the internet. A very extreme example of this would be child molesters pretending they are teens in chat rooms or on facebook to befriend younger children. Though this is a really extreme case, it just goes to show that when people are given unlimited opportunities to do what they please without any consequences, what they may never think to do in reality is now a possibility. By staying honest to the person, as well as that person remaining honest, communication can become much clearer. When we can trust what we read, we can continue on with the relationship. Another rule to ensure clear communication would be the use of proper spelling and grammar. Many messages can be misleading because of misspelled words and can even give the impression to the reader that the person is uneducated. Incorrect spelling can create an image of the speaker that is not a true representation of themselves. I believe these two rules are the most crucial in ensuring that a message via the internet is interpreted correctly. How to cite Computer-Mediated Communication, Papers
Tuesday, May 5, 2020
Reflection With Tanners Models for Curative - myassignmenthelp
Question: Discuss about theReflection With Tanners Models for Curative and Formative. Answer: The nursing and midwifery board of Australia called NMBA has provided guideline of standard for effective nursing practices. This care ensures that the nurses provide interventions which are preventive, curative, formative, restorative, supporting as well as have different palliative element (Fisher 2017). Out of the different standards, the two which could be used in this assignment are standard 2 and standard 4 which states that Nurses should comprehensively conduct assessment. This assignment will be mainly based on a reflective Framework provided by Tanner which would help in systematic proceedings with the different steps of reflection. This would help me to reflect the experiences in details and thereby derive knowledge from them. The first step of Tanners reflective model of clinical judgment states description of the background of the experience of the nurse. During my internship phase, I experienced an incident where an old patient of an Asian background was admitted and was not a believer of Western mode of treatment. She mainly believed in spiritual healing and considered Ayurveda as the most beneficial treatment. She was suffering from diabetes type 2 and was obese. She was also a patient of Arthritis and had restricted mobility. She had faced racism during her younger years in the nation for which she had become why restrictive and adamant in her approaches towards Australian. She did not want to stay in the hospital but due to the request of her son and daughter in law, she decided to get admitted. I noticed that she was not cooperating with me as she was not being able to rely on me and on Western education. The racism that she faced in her younger days were restricting her (Birks e al. 2016). She was quite concerned that whether I would be able to follow her cultural traditions. She was not being cooperative and for this reason I was not being able to either start my treatment or diagnose her symptoms closely. She was quite concerned about her autonomy and dignity. The next stage is called the interpreter stage. From the entire incident, I noticed that the patient might have gone through several unexpected and tragic events with Australians in her yester years. For this, she has suffered both mentally and physically. I also realized that this negative feeling would affect the relationship that needs to be developed between me and the patient for effective treatment. Therefore, it was very important for me to develop a therapeutic relationship with her so that I can gain her trust (Scanlon et al. 2016). Developing trust is very important as this would make the patient feel mentally stable and she would co-ordinate and help me with the interventions. I also noticed that she is quite concerned about her cultural traditions and preferences and therefore she is quite concerned about her treatment methods. Therefore in my treatment methods I have to be very careful so that I do not hurt her emotions about her cultural traditions (Sivaraman and Green 2015). At first I tried to cool her down by telling her that the Australian in the early years were insensitive. However with the passing of years the Australians have taken all as their own brothers and sisters. Making her feel comfortable was my primary aim and counseling her about her perceptions about the Australian was extremely necessary to develop trust in me as well as the western Healthcare system. My procedure of listening her every experience with concern and concentration made her feel respected and important and she gradually started relying on me (Cashin et al. 2015). I was gradually being able to develop a relationship where she was able to confide in me and was following my advices properly. I also educated her about the recent advancements that the Western Healthcare system had made which made her quite amazed. At the same time I also told of the benefits of Ayurveda which made her feel that I also respected her cultural preferences. She was quite happy with the discussion and she became ready to help me and corporate with me in the treatment procedures. To this, all her family members were very happy and they completely were amazed about how I was being able to successfully develop relationship with their mother who was very adamant. The next stage is called the reflection in action stage. I started my treatment with the patient first asking for her consent which made her very happy. I first calculated her blood sugar level which was very high at that time. I injected her insulin and provided her with the necessary medication. She was also having wound on her foot due to the effect of diabetes and therefore podologist was called for. I also made her understand about the importance of maintaining the correct diet to properly maintain her weight.I also appointed for a Physiotherapy session with her so that she can be relieved of the pain from her knees as she was also suffering from arthritis (Kyle et al. 2017). It was the patient who told me that my educating her about the entire procedure before applying the interventions made her feel respected and confident that he would get well very soon. The next stage is called the Reflection or action stage. With the help of standard 2, I was effectively able to handle the patient. It says engagement in therapeutic and professional relationships by the nurse. It states that there is an urgency to communicate effectively and be respectful of the dignity of a person as well as her culture, values and beliefs. While handling the patient I followed this criterion which helped me to communicate with her easily and thereby be respectful to her dignity and culture. This made her comfortable with me and she was able to open her up in front of me with all the experiences of a life. This Standard also states the importance of recognition of patients as the experts in their experience of their life. Therefore while communication I gave her enough scope so that she can open up the experiences of her life and thereby I can develop an understanding of the different hardship she had gone through her life. Tthis helped me in developing my treatmen t approach. This standard also stated providing support to the patient and directing them to resources so that they can optimize health related decisions ("Standard of practice, Nursing and midwifery board of Australia", 2017). Here I educated her about the importance of proper diet and how proper diet can help for maintain her blood sugar level as well as her pain in the arthritis. The next standard that was followed by me was standard 4 called comprehensively conducting assessment. It states the importance of conducting assessments with a Holistic as well as culturally appropriate ("Standard of practice, Nursing and midwifery board of Australia", 2017). Therefore I mainly focused on making the patient comfortable mentally as well as physically so that the treatment I provide give the best outcome. Forcing a patient with interventions which are without his or her wish does not yield successful result. Therefore I followed culturally appropriate as well as holistic treatment methods which kept her internally peaceful and happy. Moreover, it also stated the importance of the use of assessment techniques to collect relevant and accurate information to inform practice. Besides the various important diagnostics that have been performed to measure her blood sugar level, I also took verbal consent from both the family members as well as the patient in documented form about the different assessments which were conducted. Moreover I also engaged in to effective communication with the patient to gain relevant data about her health and also followed medical history which was provided to us by her family members. It also states the importance of working in partnership with different experts to determine the factors that affect the health of the patient. Therefore I also took suggestions of doctors, podologist and Physiotherapist so that the care which is provided to her becomes comprehensive in nature. Therefore in my future practices also I will strictly follow each and every standards of the code in order to ensure the safest care to patients. References: Birks, M., Davis, J., Smithson, J. and Cant, R., 2016. Registered nurse scope of practice in Australia: an integrative review of the literature.Contemporary nurse,52(5), pp.522-543. Cashin, A., Buckley, T., Donoghue, J., Heartfield, M., Bryce, J., Cox, D., Waters, D., Gosby, H., Kelly, J. and Dunn, S.V., 2015. Development of the nurse practitioner standards for practice Australia.Policy, Politics, Nursing Practice,16(1-2), pp.27-37. Fisher, M., 2017. Professional standards for nursing practice: How do they shape contemporary rehabilitation nursing practice?.Journal of the Australasian Rehabilitation Nurses Association,20(1), p.4. Kyle, R.G., Medford, W., Blundell, J., Webster, E., Munoz, S.A. and Macaden, L., 2017. Learning and unlearning dignity in care: Experiential and experimental educational approaches.Nurse Education in Practice,25, pp.50-56. Scanlon, A., Cashin, A., Bryce, J., Kelly, J.G. and Buckely, T., 2016. The complexities of defining nurse practitioner scope of practice in the Australian context.Collegian,23(1), pp.129-142. Sivaraman, G. and Green, N., 2015. Continuing professional development: Can-and should-what you do on social media cost you your career?.Queensland Nurse, The,34(4), p.32. Standard of practice, Nursing and midwifery board of Australia. (2017). Retrieved 19 October 2017, from https://file:///C:/Users/user00/Downloads/1798150_1830561517_Nursing-and-Midwifery-Board---.PDF
Thursday, April 2, 2020
Factors Affecting Women Shoppers free essay sample
Ministry of Women, Family and Community Development 3. 3 2013 Budget Presentation Speech by Malaysia Prime Minister. 3. 4 The Household Use of Internet Survey,2005 by Malaysian Communications and Multimedia Commisions. | | | | | CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1. 1Background of the Study The usage of Internet has grown rapidly over the past years and it has become a common means for delivering and trading information, services and goods. Nowadays, internet is not only a networking media, but it is also used as a means of transaction for consumers at global market. Women contribute the large number of Malaysiaââ¬â¢s population. Major contribution of women to the nation always been recognized. With the increasing number of career women in Malaysia contribute further enhance of the purchasing power among women buyers. The existence of telecommunications equipment such as smart phones and tablets are not limiting time and place for them to be online. The roles of a shopperââ¬â¢s personal attitudes have been widely acknowledged in consumer decision-making and behavioral intentions (Wu, 2003). We will write a custom essay sample on Factors Affecting Women Shoppers or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In particular, attitude serves as the bridge between consumersââ¬â¢ characteristics and the consumption that satisfies their needs (Armstrong amp; Kotler, 2003). Moreover, consumersââ¬â¢ characteristics, such as personality, as well as demographic and perception on online shopping benefits, have also been found to influence their online shopping behavior (Cheung amp; Lee, 2003). Thus, identifying the relative importance of each determinant of choice towards a given action could be a useful step in understanding such behavior occurs. The main aim of this study is to investigate purchasing intention of women shopper at Universiti Malaysia Pahang (UMP), with a particular emphasis on understanding and evaluating the factors which directly or indirectly influence their purchasing intentions by measuring the attitude towards online shopping. 1. 2Problem Statement Online shopping in Malaysia is a new technology breakthrough since it has just begun to assault the Malaysia retailing sector with the online shopping services (Haque et al. 2006). In order to increase online shopping in Malaysia, understanding consumer online shopping behavior and factors affecting this behavior when shopping online should be given priority. With the expansion of career women in Malaysia, women shoppers become one of the important market segments or two reasons; first, this group has money and shopping interest. According to Statistics on Women, Family and Community 2011, shows that number of female employed increased from 2000 until 2010. It shows that women in Malaysia have purchasing power (See Appendix 3. ). Second, this segment of the population has the potential of earning a greater income than other segments of the population. It will be great significance to find out the factors which influence women shoppersââ¬â¢ intention to shop online if we want to expand group of online buyers and the volume of e-commerce. According to to Statistics on Women, Family and Community 2011, Number of female enrollment in University is higher than ma le and the number keep increasing. In 2001, number of male enrollment student in University is 103,747 and female 142,242. In 2010, Number of male enrollment in University is 184,457 and female 278,323 (See Appendix 3. 2). The differences of student become bigger each year. The higher of education background can contribute to higher income in the future. Third, growth of online business keeps increasing. Recently, during the 2013 budget presentation by our Prime Minister has stated that; the Malaysia Government aware women not only important in a family, but also contribute to the development to the national economy. The government allocated 50 million to support womenââ¬â¢s role. One of them is, Get Malaysia Business Online Program (GMBO) introduced to help 50 thousand small entrepreneurs, especially women to increase their online sales. Grants of thousand Ringgit Malaysia through the provision of 50 million Ringgit Malaysia by the Malaysian Communications and Multimedia Commission (MCMC) (See Appendix 3. 3). A mid-2005 survey by the Malaysian Communication and Multimedia Corporation (MCMC), only 9. 3% of Internet users had purchased products or services through the Internet during the preceding three months. Among those who did so, airline tickets were the most popular items (43. %) followed by books (15. 6%) and music (6. 8%). Amounts spent on these items were small, however, with 57. 7% of transactions worth less than M$500. Moreover, it is expected Malaysian online sales will increase every year at a high growth (See Appendix 3. 4). Opportunities of online shopping can be restricted by internal and external constraints on behavior. It is important in expl aining human behavior since an individual who has the intention of accomplishing a certain action may be unable to do so because her environment prevents the act from being performed. Moreover, there are some barriers which have contributed to the unwillingness of Malaysians to shop online because they afraid their personal information will be stole or misused by others. Despite the high potential of online shopping in Malaysia, there is still lack of understanding concerning the online shopping and its impact on marketing. Consequently a framework is needed to structure the complex system of effects of these different factors, and develop an in-depth understanding of consumersââ¬â¢ attitudes toward internet shopping and their intentions to shop online. 1. Objectives of the Research The objectives of this study are; 1. To determine women shoppersââ¬â¢ shopping attitudes towards website design. 2. To determine women shoppersââ¬â¢ shopping attitudes towards reliability of online retailer. 3. To determine women shoppersââ¬â¢ shopping attitudes towards online shopping customer service. 4. To determine women shoppersââ¬â¢ shopping attitudes towards trust on online retailer. 1. 4Scope of Study Literature Review Factors influencing online shopping intention toward online shopping have been researched and documented in the context of traditional consumer literature. A review of empirical studies in this area shows that the theories of Reasoned Action (Ajzen amp; Fishbein, 1975) and Acceptance Model (Davis, 1989) are among the most popular theories used to explain online shopping behavior. Therefore the theoretical framework f this study is based in these theories. Online Shopping Perceived Benefit Perceived benefits are advantageous results derived from attributes. The benefit can be physiological, psychological, sociological, or material in nature. Within the online shopping context, the consumersââ¬â¢ perceived benefits are the sum of online shopping advantages or satisfactions that meet their needs or wants. There are many differences between a physical store and its electronic counterpart. Most of the previous online shopping research has focused on identifying the attributes of online stores that promote success (Davis, 1989; Liu amp; Arnett, 2000). Previous studies of online shopping have established two categories of benefits; intrinsic and extrinsic. Both are important in customersââ¬â¢ selections to patronize the online stores. Extrinsic benefits include features such as wide selection of products, competitive pricing, easy access to information and low search costs. Intrinsic benefits include features such as design and color. Research Framework The key components of the research framework for consumer attitude towards online shopping can be seen in Figure 1. Website Design| | Online Shopping| Reliability| | | Customer Service| | | Trust| | | Hypotheses: A series of testable hypotheses were developed from the proposed research model, as shown below: Hypothesis 1: There is a significant relationship between web site design and online shopping. Hypothesis 2: There is a significant relationship between reliability of online retailer and online shopping. Hypothesis 3: There is a significant relationship between customer service and online shopping. Hypothesis 4: There is a significant relationship between trust on online retailer and online shopping. In general, base on the hypotheses, the research framework will be focusing on four factors as independent variables and propensity to shop online will be the dependent variable. . e. for the hypothesis 1, 2, 3 and 4 which are focusing on Web Site Design, Reliability, Customer Service, and Trust, it is hypothesize that there should be a positive relationship that would likely to influence the online shopping. Research Methodology To undertake this project, two types of data will be gathered. i. Secondary data This type of data will be used extensively in literature review to provide the framework of this study. Textbook, journals and internet shopping reports will be the sources of this desk research. ii. Primary data This type of data will be the main instrument used in evaluating the factors affecting women shoppersââ¬â¢ online shopping attitude and purchase intention. The process of gaining this input is discussed next. In doing so, the rest of this section organized into four main areas; the research design, the target population and the sample size, methods for data collection, and data analysis and interpretation. The research design In getting the shoppers data, I choose to employ descriptive research over exploratory or causal research. This type of research is suitable when a study intends to produce accurate description of variables relent to the decision being faced, without demonstrating that some relationship exists between variables. This description fits well with the objectives of this study. In addition, a cross sectional studies is elected over longitudinal studies. The former allow the researchers to assess to a larger number of customers, thus enabling them to produce a more representative data. Through this method, data is typically cross tabulated against each other to answer specific issues. This kind of data is meaningful to companies that appeal to many segments of the markets such as internet shopping. The target population and the sample size In line with the scope of the project, the population refers to the female employee of Universiti Malaysia Pahang (UMP). To further define the population, this study will only examine the behavior of women shoppers in the age bracket 20 to 55 years old. The sample elements will be chosen using systematic sampling. Within this pool of shoppers, a sample of 200 shoppers will be selected. This sample size is considered appropriate. Roscoe (1975) for instance stated ââ¬Ësamples sizes larger than 30 and less than 500 samples are the appropriate for most research. Likewise, Sekaran (1994) agrees that 500 samples are the appropriate upper limit for the sample size. Methods for data collection Since cross sectional study has been chosen for this study, data will be collected through questioning. Using this method, the respondents will be identified systematically and to aid questioning the shoppers, a set of questionnaire will be designed. The questionnaires will be distributed through online and respondents will be invites through UMP Portal.
Sunday, March 8, 2020
Black resistance to slavery essays
Black resistance to slavery essays African-Americans resisted slavery in a couple of different ways. They had slave uprisings, spoke out against slavery, and also they ran away from slavery through the Underground Railroad. One way more than the rest helped the white community to realize that the African-Americans were willing to give up their lives for this cause. That these were people, not animals and that a war was on its way. This was shown through the numerous slave revolts. Denmark Vesey was sold first as a slave in 1781 to a Bermuda captain named Joseph Vesey (Denmark Vesey 1). Denmark assumed his masters surname and accompanied him on numerous voyages, and in 1783 Denmark settled with his owner in Charleston (Denmark Vesey 1). Denmark won a street lottery and he bought his own freedom (Denmark Vesey 1). He then became a carpenter and he had trouble working with all of the other white workers (Denmark Vesey 1). He was an educated man and he already knew of the great Haitian slave revolt of the 1790s (Denmark Vesey 1). He resented the continued enslavement of his children and his second class treatment on the job (Denmark Vesey 1). He was determined to do something about slavery and the overall treatment of African-Americans (Denmark Vesey 1). Vesey planned and organized an uprising of city and plantation blacks (Denmark Vesey 1). The plan called for the rebels to attack guardhouses and arsenals, seize their arms, kill whites, burn and dest roy the city, and free the slaves on the night of June 16, 1822 (Denmark Vesey 1). As many as 9,000 blacks may have been involved with this plan (Denmark Vesey 1). The only problem was that a house servant over heard the plan and brought it to white authorities (Denmark Vesey 1). These authorities made massive military preparations, which prevented the insurrection (&qu...
Thursday, February 20, 2020
Communication Strategies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words
Communication Strategies - Essay Example There is no organization that can effectively function without communication. Thus, over the recent years, corporate communication has evolved to become one of the most valuable management and strategic tools in any organization especially if it is well aligned with the overall strategy of a company and meant to improve and enhance the strategic positioning of the organization (Argenti, Howel and Beck, 2005). Corporate communication is mainly concerned with passing information to the organizationââ¬â¢s diverse stakeholders with different needs and expectations (Gupta, 2011). As such, this paper is designed to review literature and explore the major strategies and roles of corporate communication during the contemporary period in different organizations. According to Kim & Radar (2010), corporate ability (CAb) focused strategy, and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) focused strategy, and hybrid focused strategy are the major corporate communication strategies used by organizations during the current period. The Cab strategy focuses on communicating the companyââ¬â¢s products while CSR is concerned about communicating to the stakeholders to show that it is socially responsible. The hybrid strategy is a combination of both. As a result of increased global competition, consumer activism and digitization, it is increasingly becoming important for organizations to effectively manage their relations with various stakeholders. This can be achieved through the effective use of corporate communication which plays a pivotal role in the organization. Corporate communication plays the following roles: A number of studies have emphasized the significance of corporate communications in building an organizationââ¬â¢s corporate reputation and image. For instance, Gupta (2011) observes that 80% of respondents in study acknowledged that the core purpose of corporate communication is to build corporate brand and enhance its reputation. Corporate
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