Taking a Look at the Pauline Epistles - 1507 Words

The Pauline epistles are very crucial to the understanding of how a church and a Christian should act. Throughout all the letters, different subjects have been touched creating almost a guide of â€Å"how to’s†. The farewell is especially important as noted in Second Corinthians 13 explains the depth of God’s love to the people and the wrath of doubtfulness. â€Å"since you are demanding proof that Christ is speaking though me. He is not weak in dealing with you, but is powerful among you† (13:3). With corrections in the beginning of the letter, or a defense towards Paul’s teachings, shows the continuation of the struggle of Corinth, yet they were doing better as spoken by Titus. Paul’s final request towards the people of Corinth is found in his second letter (2 Corinthians). The last chapter however is similarly a conclusion, or overview of the letter. Although there are some differences throughout the translations, Paul’s final message/warning is evident and clear. The passage is split up into two or three sections, depending on the translation used. Within the New King James Version (NKJ), the breakdown is evident by how the paragraphs are structured to set apart main ideas. Verses 1-4 are thought of as the reminder of what’s Paul’s message entailed. No matter the translation Paul quotes Deuteronomy 19:15, â€Å"One witness shall not rise against a man concerning any iniquity or any sin that he commits; by the mouth of two or three witnesses the matter shall be established† (NKJ; 2Show MoreRelatedImportant Issues in the Non-Pauline Churches1539 Words   |  7 PagesIssues in the Non-Pauline Churches December 3, 2013 Important Issues in the Non-Pauline Churches Even though many Christians are not aware of the problems, there are issues in the non-Pauline churches because the scriptures point out several and the author address them. This paper will focus on those issues found in the non-Pauline letters which were written to the churches of that day. Then those issues will be compared to the issues which are found in the Pauline letters. ManyRead MoreExegesis of Ephesians 2:1-73183 Words   |  13 PagesGod’s Mercy for the Ephesian Church: A Look at Ephesians 2:1-7 INTRODUCTION The book of Ephesians is one of Paul’s many New Testament letters, or epistles, to the Christian church still in its infancy. At the time of its writing, Paul is in Rome, imprisoned for championing the purposes of Christ and growing the church. We see numerous occurrences where Paul, being a man of little concern for the status quo, is either imprisoned or fleeing capture by Jewish or Roman officials for usurping theRead MoreA Practical Apocalypse1894 Words   |  8 Pageselucidate the intention of the author in writing as he has and to show how the specific subject matter of these verses interrelates with the major themes of the Epistle. That Paul is the author of 1st Thessalonians is almost undisputed. Green is in agreement with Wanamaker who comments, No contemporary scholars of repute seem to doubt the Pauline character of the letter. The position taken in this paper, consistent with the majority of scholarly opinion, is that the letter was written around AD 50-51Re ad MoreEtymology of Divine Revelation4215 Words   |  17 Pageswas concrete and not abstract. Thus in showing how divine revelation has been understood, we get an impression that it involves what or who is revealed, and to what or who it is revealed. Going back to the above definition of revelation, we see God taking up the character of the revealer as well as the other of the revealed, while humanity is the recipient of this revelation. Accordingly, we see humanity as the recipient obliged to respond to the communication initiated by God, otherwise theRead MoreHomosexuality and God6017 Words   |  25 Pages23:17). The whore and the sodomite are in the same category. A sodomite was not an inhabitant of Sodom nor a descendant of an inhabitant of Sodom, but a man who had given himself to homosexuality, and the unnatural vice for which Sodom was known. Let us look at the passages in question: â€Å"But before they lay down, the men of the city, even the men of Sodom, compassed the house around, old and young, all the people from every quarter: And they called unto Lot, and said unto him, Where are the men which came

Marriage Law The Legal Union Of A Couple As Spouses

Marriage is defined as the legal union of a couple as spouses. The elements of marriage include: (1) the parties legal ability to marry each other, (2) mutual consent of the parties and (3) a marriage contract as required by law. (Legal Information Institute, 2014, n.d.). In the United States, marriage law is regulated by the individual state. Standards such as age, residency, relation, mental capacity, and gender are requirements regulated on a state-by-state basis. Until recent changes, the Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA) defined marriage as â€Å"only a legal union between one man and one woman as husband and wife† (1 U.S.C.  § 7). President Clinton established DOMA in 1996 as a definition for marriage for federal law purposes. With gay rights on the forefront of many conversations and headlines in the recent years, there is a large push for change in the laws that apply to marriage. I personally believe that all people should have the right to marry regardless of sexual orientation, and I think as a country we are heading in the right direction for that to happen. DOMA’s definition for marriage remained in effect until recently when the US Supreme Court declared DOMA unconstitutional in United States v. Windsor. Plaintiff Eidth Windsor and wife Spyer were in a single-sex marriage when Spyer died in 2009 and left her estate to her spouse. Although New York state law recognized their marriage, the federal law did not, so Windsor was denied spousal deduction for federal estateShow MoreRelatedGay Marriage Should Be Legal in All States1632 Words   |  7 PagesUnited States for decades has been Gay Marriage. Whether same-sex couples should be given the right to marry or even if same-sex couples should be given rights at all, this has been a contentious discussion which creates division and disunity throughout the country. The Supreme Court of the United States ruled that the Constitution guarantees a right to same-sex marriage. Gay marriage has been legalized in 17 states. But only 19 of 194 countries allow for gay marriage. Statistics show more than half theRead MoreSame-Sex Marriage1478 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ Same-Sex Marriage: The Problems with DOMA and the Pursuit for Equality Believe it or not, same-sex marriage has been around since ancient times. At least two Roman Emperors, Nero and Elagabalus, were in gay unions. It wasn’t until the advent of Christianity that the practice of same sex marriage was out-lawed by the emperors Constantius II and Constans in 342 AD and has continued to be through-out most of the world until the twenty-first century (Boswell 83). With the advent of gay rightsRead MoreMarriage Benefits vs. Civil Union Benefits What is the difference between marriage and civil700 Words   |  3 PagesMarriage Benefits vs. Civil Union Benefits What is the difference between marriage and civil unions? There are many differences, mostly consisting of the benefits that married couples get that couples in civil unions do not receive. Marriage is different for homosexual and heterosexual couples. Even when homosexuals are married they do not receive the same benefits as heterosexual married couples. What if couples in a civil union could have the same benefits as a married couple? When heterosexualRead MoreGay Marriage Will Harm Children Essay1227 Words   |  5 PagesThe Supreme Court of the United States recently ruled that the Constitution guarantees a right to same-sex marriage. Yet, same-sex marriage continues to be a highly debated issue. If same-sex couples are allowed to marry they will hurt heterosexuals. If they are denied this right, then they are hurt. If it is something we have to recognize is that marrying same-sex persons represents itself as a social experiment that never has been experimented, including by societies that fomented the homosexualityRead MoreLegalization of Same-Sex Marriage1446 Words   |  6 Pages Imagine that your spouse was suffering from a terminal illness and one was charged with deciding with whether life-saving measures would be continued or ended. This decision is not one that is made lightly, but for homosexual couples, it isnt one that is often afforded. Now that being homosexual is becoming socially accepted, hom osexuals are demanding the same rights and benefits as others (The Gay Rights Movement). Many homosexual Americans believe that they are being excluded from â€Å"one of theRead MoreSame Sex Marriage Is A Controversial Point For The People Of The United States1316 Words   |  6 PagesStates. As of June 2015, legal marriage is now the constitutional right of all Americans regardless of their sexual orientation or in which state they reside. Although it is now recognized as a fundamental right for all citizens across our country, same-sex marriage is still a large controversy for many in our country. The Supreme Court itself shows this with the fact that the decision came down to a 5-4 voting split in favor of allowing same sex marriages. Marriage is now and always will beRead MoreIn Pro of Same-Sex Marriage1009 Words   |  5 Pages Homosexual couples have had to endure much due to them not only being a minority, but also being declared illegal. I believe that homosexual marr iage should be legal in Georgia. To delve into an issue as divisive as this, understanding why it is illegal in the first place is in order. In 1996 the United States Congress passed DOMA, the Defense of Marriage Act, into law. This law was made in order to define what marriage means when writing laws. The Defense of Marriage Act states â€Å"†¦ The word â€Å"marriage†Read MoreEssay on Recognizing Same-Sex Marriage1565 Words   |  7 PagesSame-Sex Marriage Same-sex marriage is a huge controversy between Americans across the Country. In thirty-three states marriage is defined as a â€Å"union between a man and a woman†. For seventeen states in the U.S. this definition has been changed because every citizen should be treated equally according to the constitution and this also violates the Equal Protection Clause. It became possible for people of the same-sex to marry when it was stated to be unconstitutional. Denying marriage is denyingRead MoreDefining Legal Marriage in America745 Words   |  3 PagesAmerican Marriage From a historical perspective, marriages have always been recognized as important to the security and future of a state (Brake, 2012). Procreation created a labor force and armies, while family units were an efficient method for creating good citizens. For this reason, governments throughout human history have sought to legally sanction and protect marriage in its various forms, as long as the goals of marriage aligned with the goals of the state. In the United States, marriage priorRead MoreSame Sex Marriage Debate785 Words   |  4 Pages The gay marriage debate is complex, to say the least. Bitter, emotional, and controversial are just a few words that can be used to describe it. In 2004, Massachusetts became the first state to legalize same sex marriage; since then twelve states have approved gay marriage (Shapiro). Even though some states have decided to legalize same sex marriage others are standing firm on constitutional amendments that ban it. Deciding whether or not gay couples should be allowed to marry is drawing passion

Conceptual Transportation and Distribution Management

Question: Discuss about the Conceptual Transportation and Distribution Management. Answer: Introduction: The movement of human or distribution of products from one place to another is the process of transportation. The modes can be through airways, waterways, roadways or railways. In the given discussion, the focus is not on the man but on the goods or the cargo that is transported. The major focus is on the international transportation that is mostly referred to as shipment. An example of a transporting company is used for the help towards the understanding and gaining knowledge about the management of the transportation and distribution process. Furthermore, the incoterms to be used by the projected organization and the criterion of selecting a constructive carrier and the relationship administration of these carriers is discussed below (Agamez-Arias et al., 2017). Distribution management is the supervision of property and methods that are used to transport products to their final target including storage warehouses from a manufacture Centre. For any association to be successful there should be effectual distribution administration process to guide and control the products. The purpose of the essay is to help comprehend the management system of production and distribution by means of an example of a company Third party logistic providers known as 3PL. It is the most important global company in chain-to-chain supplies and has its operations in the five continents of the globe. They overpass the fissure between the consumers and the goods. They have a consideration of the working towards shipments, warehousing, transportation and deliverance. It also presents together air and sea international shipping services and consequently links the emptiness between the buyers and the sellers. 3 PL Company has a procedure of distribution of all the goods that includes both the household or the light goods and heavy goods, which have an inclusion of the vehicles and other heavy machineries like containers and the automobiles. It also has a distribution facility of the goods in the five continents of the world, which means that they have a huge marketplace (Maizlish e t al., 2013). However, it has its opponents like the Movers Shippers located in Canada and Intl Movers, which has most of its purpose in USA, Australia, Canada, United Kingdom, and Singapore therefore it has a less significant market in contrast to the other Company. The other opponent and competitor is the Afmex International Courier, which is located in Africa with its headquarters in Johannesburg, South Africa and offers distribution towards the whole world. The objective of 3PL International Company is the provision of superiority services to the entire world and outstanding delivery of goods to their clientele by means of the implementation of the logistics custom policies. It functions on letters of credit whereby they do the funding and all the activities towards the customer. The functionality exists until the products are delivered at the place of awareness for the buyers pick. Incoterms The International Commercial Terms governing the conveyance of goods from the provider to the buyer and frequently international shipments is referred to as Incoterms. It seems that incoterms comprises of eleven types that include the following; Ex Works i.e. EX, Delivered at Terminal i.e. DAT, Carriage Paid To i.e. CPT, Delivered Duty Paid i.e. DDP, Carriage and Insurance Paid To i.e. CIP, Delivered At Place i.e. DAP, Free Carrier i.e. FCA, which are used for any consignment. The other incoterms that are just severely used for the shipment of sea are four in number that include the Free on Board i.e. FOB, Cost, Insurance and Freight i.e. CIF, Free alongside Ship i.e. FAS and Cost and Freight i.e. CFR. 3PL International Company uses the term of Delivered Duty Paid whereby it is accountable for the delivery of the supplies until they get to the place of disposal for the buyer to collect them. It means that it clears and gets hold of the charge of all the legalities and custom duties for the duty of both import and export together with up the unloading of the goods (Holgun-Veras, 2017). Incoterms Selection Consideration It holds the wants of the exports and imports as it has its representative all over the world. The representatives work with them in an efficient manner and have its operations in five continents, therefore giving them a worldwide encounter. It helps them to have a delivery wherever it is needed i.e. even from door to door. They have a delivery of all sort of goods as affirmed previously and this implies that it is extremely diversified for all goods. In addition, due to their global agencies, the market has a larger control and goodwill. From the research conducted, the buyers have a good description for the corporation as they make available quality services to their consumers and there is a reduction of complaints. This corporation works with the rule, whereby all the duties for the products are paid off. The duties are paid until they get to the buyer, which involves import and export duty and the unloading fee till the time the goods get to the delivery destination of users (Fan am et al., 2016). As per my opinion, the term i.e. the Delivered Depot Paid is the most efficient for the buyer as it is dicey to send the cash for all the actions. By the time the products gets to the client it is damaged, which means the purchaser will have to experience an additional process of being remunerated that might take a further age of time. It also worsens the confidence of the customers for the usage for the next time in, which they need, shipped goods and this will price them as a corporation. Consequently, they ought to reassess the other requisites that are more efficient and will catch the attention of more customers to supply (Neuenfeldt Jnior et al., 2016). The CIF i.e. the Cost, Insurance and Freight is a successful one since the transport company is accountable for the expenses and freights desired to fetch goods to the intended port which subsequent to, any loss is imposed on the buyer. On the other hand, the shipment business takes indemnity cover for the goods and so any damage before the getting down to the port falls on it. An additional efficient incoterm is CIP i.e. the Carriage and Insurance Paid, where the vendor is in charge for all costs until the goods get to the end named. This also favors the buyer since in case of any dent before he gets the products, is not on him. In the case of shipment by sea, the Delivered at Terminal i.e. DAT is a constructive term as the retailer put up with unloading of the goods until they reach the destination of the terminal, which can be warehouse, road or railways. The DAT is also accommodative in nature, because the buyer gets the delivery of the goods and his accountability starts with th e arrival of the goods and the first responsibility being the unloading procedure (Crainic, 2016). Carrier Selection Criteria Every organization has its objective that it has to hit to get an effectual result, which is, additional customers to serve the increase of its market (Liu et al., 2017). For the 3PL Company, it has a focus on receiving the shipment of the goods in the world and that is the reason of having agents in some continents. The agents help in increasing its effectiveness of the networking or communication procedure. In addition, it intends at providing interesting services at an inexpensive price. It makes use of both the air and sea; airways are for the common cargo that is light goods. If the goods are needed very fast and has a heavy cargo, then the sea mode of shipping is preferred like in cases of automobiles. In addition, it provides the domestic shipping service for the goods to a seaport before they are loaded in a ship for overseas supply, which is very valuable. For that reason, the purchaser delegates them with their money and they pay on behalf of the consumers, all the costs fo r their products, which help in reducing the gap between the buyers and their sellers (Cantor et al., 2016). In selection of an organization for serving, there are a couple of things for the reconsideration; principally one judge price, speed, view of public on the organization and many more(Pearce et al., 2014). For this case, one should consider; first, the cost of the service, the reason of choosing a very luxurious company while there are others that are cheaper but providing the similar services. It is very important for assessment, as at the end it is all about preferring an organization that will support the stage of ability. Hence, one should advise a buyer to go for a company that is inexpensive, as long as it provides shipping services with higher quality. Secondly, the speed determines, how long will it take the good to come to the consumer. If there is a corporation that distributes a product within a month, while others are distributing within two months. The faster the product gets to the customer, the more their gladness. Thirdly, safety is very vital, for instance, if we bel ieve that a company assures that goods will get to the buyer at a good state with less goods damage grumbles. In addition, an association that will make sure all the goods get to the buyer when they safely intact with none missing, that includes, no theft cases is the best. The Packaging is important as anything that is designed attracts additional eyes. Therefore, one should consider a company that has a perfect packaging of goods, example, arranging products in brands if products are from different industries and being shipped together, types and so on this ease up sorting when they get to the delivery destination. Lastly, if the Company applies the incoterms, it should consider terms that will be on the favor of the buyer. This includes incoterms such as (CIF, CIP, DAT, DAP) that are under the discussion of this essay. Lastly, one should highlight a company that has effective communication therefore it will allow to keep checking the progress of the baggage, it does not essentially require online communication but also can have their agents in the member country of the buyer (Campa-Planas Kalemba, 2017). Carrier Relationship Management The Carrier relationship management is an effectual way of improving profitability, productivity and general running of the organization. The goals of 3PL International Company are outlined in the previous discussion (Corsi et al., 2014). This subtopic will focus on types of relationships to be built with the Carriers and the process of structuring the association. There is a carrier-to-carrier company relationship and a carrier-to-customer relationship. Both of this is very necessary for the success of any shipment activity. It is very important to have good relationship between customers and the carriers as they need each other, none would be functional without the essence of the other, therefore, it is significant to construct good relationships between each other. Carrier relationship management got some services; Firstly, the Negotiable prices by reducing the rates, should strive to have long lasting relationships with their customers. The fellow carrier partners by having susta inable relationships with them, having a freight data record for future reference and improvement in operations. Conclusion To sum up the whole thing, using the applicable used company there is a fundamental explanation of the entire idea of transport and allocation management. The achievement of any shipment depends on the applied incoterms, the type of carrier selected and lastly the carrier relations with other carrier partners and its clientele. There are better incoterms than others that will support a customer, criterion of selecting one out of the many carriers one ought to be considered the one with the most excellent parameters and lastly good connection finds out how practical the carrier will be and how much market it will have. According to the argument, 3PL International Company remains to all the above requirements. References Agamez-Arias, A. D. M., Moyano-Fuentes, J. (2017). Intermodal transport in freight distribution: a literature review. Transport Reviews, 1-26. Campa-Planas, F., Kalemba, N. (2017). Safety as a management concept in the air transport sector: A systematic literature review. Intangible Capital, 13(1), 71-116. Cantor, D. E., Corsi, T. M., Grimm, C. M., Singh, P. (2016). Technology, firm size, and safety: theory and empirical evidence from the US motor-carrier industry. Transportation journal, 55(2), 149-167. Corsi, T. M., Grimm, C., Cantor, D., Wright, D. (2014). Should smaller commercial trucks be subject to safety regulations?. Transportation journal, 53(2), 117-142. Crainic, T. G. (2016). Transportation Science Special Issue on Freight Transportation and Logistics, Part I. Transpo Crainic, T. G. (2016). Fanam, P. D., Nguyen, H. O., Cahoon, S. (2016). Selection of ocean container carriers: One countrys perspective. African Journal of Business Management, 10(23), 576-584. Holgun-Veras, J., Leal, J. A., Seruya, B. B. (2017). Urban freight policymaking: The role of qualitative and quantitative research. Transport Policy, 56, 75-85. Liu, P., Mu, D., Gong, D. (2017). Eliminating Overload Trucking via a Modal Shift to Achieve Intercity Freight Sustainability: A System Dynamics Approach. Sustainability, 9(3), 398. Maizlish, N., Woodcock, J., Co, S., Ostro, B., Fanai, A., Fairley, D. (2013). Health cobenefits and transportation-related reductions in greenhouse gas emissions in the San Francisco Bay area. American Journal of Public Health, 103(4), 703-709. Neuenfeldt Jnior, A. L., Siluk, J. C. M., Paris, S. R. D. (2016). The scientific research context of urban transports for Bus Rapid Transit systems applications. Journal of Transport Literature, 10(4), 15-19. Pearce, D. G. (2014). Toward an integrative conceptual framework of destinations. Journal of Travel Research, 53(2), 141-153. Transportation Science Special Issue on Freight Transportation and Logistics, Part II. Transportation Science, 50(4), 1204-1205. Rotation Science, 50(2), 363-365.

The Fight for Freedom The American Revolution free essay sample

The American Revolution was a time of change, and two sides stood up for what they believed In. Patriots and Loyalists will always be a big part of the history in the American Revolution. When the American colonies split Into Patriots, Loyalists, and fence-sitters, a lot of conflict and fighting broke out. The Patriots were a group of American Colonists, who are sick of Englands laws and tariffs over the colonies and fought for their independence from England during the American Revolution. The Loyalists were alsoAmerican Colonists, but Instead of fighting for American Independence in the Revolution, they remained loyal to Great Britain and would sometimes fight with the British Soldiers. The majority of colonists were called fence-sitters. Fence-sitters did not take sides during the Revolution, and when they did It was for whichever side would most benefit them and their families. In this time period, most colonists were originally from Great Britain so many had a tough time choosing sides, therefore they didnt. We will write a custom essay sample on The Fight for Freedom: The American Revolution or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page During the Revolution, both the Patriots and Loyalists fought for the support of he Fence-sitters, believing that If they received their support and force, they could doom the other side. The loyalists had a tough time during the Revolution. They opposed the Idea of American Independence, and that infuriated the Patriots. The loyalists were prone to beatings, public humiliation, and people stealing their belongings. For example, a loyalist named John Stevens said he was dragged across a river by his neck because he would not support the patriot rebellion (Tindal, Shih 236).There were many brutal beatings that occurred that were similar to this incident. In addition to physical pain, loyalists also suffered emotional pain in the form of public humiliation such as the tar and treatment in which wrongdoers have tar dumped on their skin and feathers thrown on them. It is no surprise that after America won independence from England; roughly 100,000 loyalists left and went north to Canada or back to England. The treatment towards loyalists during the war ultimately led to their departure.Throughout the Revolution, the English military made it a priority to know how many colonists remained loyal to England and where the majority of them lived. The British litany sought to align themselves with an elusive Tory [loyalist] majority (Tindal, Shih 237) because it would be easier for them to conquer those a reas. The British leader, King George, believed that there was a sleeping loyalist power In the south, 1 OFF while, the British gathered momentum from the loyalist countryside but it fell apart for two reasons.First, the Loyalist power was less then King George originally thought, and second, the British forces drove some loyalists into rebellion with their harsh behavior. The lack of loyalist power was a major downfall for the British, who rendered in Yorktown when they were outnumbered 2-to-l by American and French troops, ultimately ending the war. When people made their decision whether to support the Patriots or Loyalists, it split apart friends and families, towns and cities. The greatest example of this was Benjamin Franklin and his son, William Franklin.Franklin and his son were both English, and at first were both loyal to England. As the colonies started to revolt, and England pressed harder and harder against the colonies, Benjamin Franklin became a patriot. William Franklin was the Royal Governor of New Jersey, and remained extremely loyal to the British and England. As time went on, the two grew further and further apart on their political views, Franklin becoming one of the founding fathers for American freedom while his son William Franklin did not Just support England, but helped them out and gave the British information on what was going on in New Jersey.Ben and William stopped talking, since they had become so politically different and could no longer stand talking to each other. It was not uncommon for families to stop talking because of their affiliations during the revolution; Benjamin Franklin actually removed William from his will. As stated earlier, both the Patriots and Loyalists hoped to attract the fence-sitters to their cause. Writers on both sides hoped to sway fence-sitters their way with their writings and pamphlets.The first writing to really fuel the fire was Thomas Pains Common Sense. In Common Sense, Paine argues for American Independence from Great Britain, and makes the case for a Democratic Republic in America. A Democratic-Republic is a system in which the top officials are elected into office, not a anarchy like Great Britain had. Common Sense was published in January of 1776 and quickly added a spark for the Patriots. James Chalmers, a Maryland planter and Loyalist, wrote his own pamphlet in response to Common Sense.Plain Truth was published in 1776 denouncing the Patriot cause and calling Paine a political quack (casuistry. Org). Plain Truth never fired things up the way Common Sense did, and the American patriots won the war of propaganda. Committees of Correspondence persuaded many fence-sitters to Join the patriot cause (casuistry. Org). The battle for the Fence-sitters was one of the most important battles, and the Patriots came out victorious. The Loyalists and Patriots will forever be remembered in American History.In the eyes of Americans, the Patriots are looked at as true heroes, and they are people Americans should thank for their freedom while the Loyalists are looked at as traders. There was truly a civil war in America during the Revolution with all the brutal fights and beatings, families and friends splitting apart, and the literature published during the war. The Americans won the war at the end, getting independence from Great Britain, and would go on to become the most powerful nation in the world.

Du Bois vs. Washington Professor Ramos Blog

Du Bois vs. Washington Mark Galle Professor Ramos ENG 261 February 16, 2019 Culture Conflict Essay In â€Å"Of Mr. Booker T. Washington and Others† from The Souls of Black Folk ,W.E.B. Du Bois details Washington’s rise to success and the effects it has on America. It contains Du Bois’ political opinions and beliefs regarding the ideas of Washington. While reading Du Bois’ opinions on Washington it is important to look at both of their lives leading up to when each man rose to fame to understand why they believed the things they did because of how different their views are. Washington was seen as more submissive while Du Bois was more active and strong willed. Du Bois starts â€Å"Of Mr. Booker T. Washington and Others† by writing â€Å"Easily the most striking thing in the history of the American Negro sine 1876 [when reconstruction ended] is the ascendancy of Mr. Booker T. Washington† (Du Bois PG. 538).It’s filled with compliments and critiques dissecting Washington’s politics and the Washington’s Atlanta Exposition. While discussing the Atlanta Exposition he calls the ideas unoriginal. He also criticized Washington for not demanding equality for black people, though it was granted in the 14th amendment. An issue Du Bois had was also that Washington proposed a compromise stating black Southerners should avoid seeking social and political equality with white people.He writes that both sides approved it because â€Å"the south interpreted it in different ways: the radicals received it as a complete surrender of the demand for civil and political equality; the conservatives, as a generously conceived working basis for mutual understanding† (Du Bois Pg. 539). He’s laying out exactly why he believes it was so widely accepted by all, and it’s that everyone had a different understanding of what he said. His personal distaste for this idea seemed to be because of his thirst for equality and because he didn’t see it as something that black people should wait to have, but something they should already have. These two men were total opposites in their ideas regarding equality and the rights of Black Americans of their times. But, to understand Washington and where he came from with his beliefs and ideas it is important to understand where he came from. Booker T Washington was born into slavery in 1856 by the name of Booker Taliaferro Washington to his mother Jane and an unknown white father. He worked from a young age carrying sacks of grain and was beat on occasion when he wasn’t doing his job to the standards of the slave owners (Norrell). He first experienced education watching kids in a schoolhouse near the plantation from the outside. He and his mother moved to Malden, Massachusetts after the civil war where his mother married Washington Ferguson. At 9 he worked in a salt furnace instead of going to school. His mother got him a book and he got up early in the morning to practice reading and writing. In 1872 he left home and did odd jobs where he could find them to support himself and get through college where he also worked as a janitor to help pay for his tuition. He was eventually offered a scholarship by the schools headmaster. He went on to graduate in 1875 and for some time taught at his elementary school and was chosen to speak at Hampton’s graduation ceremonies. He was then offered a teaching job at Hampton by the headmaster. Then in 1881 Alabama approved for a colored school and Booker was recommended by General Armstrong to run the new school. Washington went all over the countryside promoting the school and to raise money for it. He made sure to assure white people that the school would not threaten them, bring harm to them, or hurt them economically. Tuskegee became a leading school in the country while under Booker T. Washington and by the time of his death had more than 100 buildings and 1,500 students in attendance. His eagerness for education from such a young age and continuous support from schools and the headmaster are factors as to why he valued education for black people so much so that he made it his main issue in regards to black people’s struggle. Life for W.E.B. Du Bois was very different than Washington’s. He was born William Edward Burghardt Du Bois in 1868. He was born to his two parents Mary Silvina Burghardt and father Alfred Du Bois, but after two years his father left (Lewis). He grew up in a mainly white area in Massachusetts. He went to school with white children and was supported by his white teachers and was the first in his family to attend high school. In 1885 he attended Fisk University in Tennessee and encountered Jim Crow laws for the first time. He began analyzing racism in America at this time. After getting his bachelor’s degree he went to Harvard and paid his way through summer jobs, loans, and scholarships. He then participated in a study abroad program in Berlin. He then became the first African American to earn a Ph.D. from Harvard University and then became a doctoral student at Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universitat and was awarded an honorary doctoral degree in 1958. Back in 1897 he was offered a job to lead several studies on black southern households in Virginia to uncover how slavery still affected the personal lives of African Americans. He then went on to do two more studies in Alabama and two more in Georgia. During this time he wrote â€Å"The Strivings of the Negro People† to explain to white people how it felt to be a victim of racism. He moved to Atlanta where he taught sociology at Atlanta University. He taught summer school at Washington’s Tuskegee University but joined Washington’s rivals the Niagara Movement, after friction between the two men. The Niagara Movement focused on seeking justice and equality for black Americans. However Washington’s opposition led to the failure of the group. Du Bois’s background of studying sociology and not experiencing racism as early as Washington are factors into why his ideals were so different than Washington’s. Though he did also value education he was much more eager to gain rights and equality rather than starting with seeking education.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Du Bois’s commentary and opinions show how life experiences can shape political views. The lived experiences of both Du Bois and Washington had lasting effects on both men’s political views. Their politics clashed as did the two men. The lives they both lived before rising to fame and social status showed how they came to be the men they were, one was more focused on waiting for equality while the other didn’t believe in waiting. Both valued education but for one, equality didn’t have to wait for it.

Unlike No Other

Unlike No Other Unlike No Other Unlike No Other By Maeve Maddox I heard a radio announcer say that something was â€Å"unlike no other.† I could tell from the context that he meant the thing he was talking about was unique. As I usually do when I read or hear nonstandard usage in a professional context, I jumped on my search engine to see if anyone else was using it. What I found suggests that many speakers use â€Å"unlike no other† as if it did mean â€Å"one of a kind.† Relationship problem unlike no other? (about a boy who feels his romantic situation is unique) Urban Novel Unlike no Other (reviewer recommending a novel) Trees unlike no other (description of unusual trees) A community unlike no other! (a group of gamers) A show unlike no other (ad for an entertainment program) The expression â€Å"unlike no other† doesn’t mean â€Å"one of a kind.† On the contrary, it means â€Å"like all others.† The prefix un: â€Å"I am not unhappy.† is equivalent to â€Å"I am happy.† Note: A discussion of the two negatives equal a positive rule in English calls for a post of its own. This one focuses on why the expression unlike no other should be avoided. Like means â€Å"having the same characteristics as something else.† Adding the prefix un- to like creates an adjective that means â€Å"dissimilar.† Technically, to say that something is â€Å"unlike no other,† is to say that it is like everything else. To express the thought that something is â€Å"unique† or â€Å"one of a kind,† drop the un- and say that the thing is â€Å"like no other.† For example, Grab a cup of cider and head to Red Arrow Park in beautiful Milwaukee, Wisconsin for a fun, low-key New Years Eve like no other. A Race Like No Other: 26.2 Miles Through the Streets of New York (book title) Another way to express the thought is to use the phrase â€Å"not like any other.† They proof their dough for 24 hours which allows it to rise and ferment to a flavor not like any other bread available in Brooklyn This is truly a movie not like any other. Apparently the wording â€Å"unlike no other† sounds pleasing to the ears of many speakers, but it is not standard English. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:15 Terms for Those Who Tell the FutureBest Websites to Learn EnglishEach vs. Both

Questions Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 38

Questions - Assignment Example However, the decision is in contrary to the philosophy of evolutionary marketing. This is because, the reason for short in the enrollment as earlier forecasted was not analyzed, thus decision to increase sales agents does not fulfill the concept of evolutionary marketing. The mission of the organization is just similar to almost all business organizations, which is quality service. In this case, it is quality invasive surgical service that the management aims to offer to the community. The service cannot market itself, as the management thinks. The quality should be marketed to the clients for them to understand the value attached to it. First, certain ailments that are preventable will be identified, and employees who prevent themselves from those diseases will be granted bonuses or reward. Secondly, the contribution for the employees from the employer will be invested for profit creation. Employees will be allowed to apply for a loan and repay at a lower interest rate. To compete aggressively with the other plans, the two approaches will create a market share for the

Femininity, Feminism, & The Beauty Myth Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Femininity, Feminism, & The Beauty Myth - Essay Example 96). This essay discusses this statement with regard to the concepts of femininity, feminism, and ‘the beauty myth’ by Naomi Wolf. Most apparently, Bennett is trying to argue that fashion is a type of nonverbal communication. It is easy to see that even when articles of clothing are coated with words, like catchphrases, logotypes, or trademark name for instance, there remains a degree of nonverbal communication that goes beyond the exact messages of those catchphrases or trademark names (Barnard 2002, 29). There are several scholars who take into consideration numerous instances of terms or phrases being used on fashion, tracing their connections to calligraphy, foreign languages, punk, and graffiti, for instance. Fashion makes use of these expressions to offer willing consumers more ways to visually communicate themselves (Barnard 2002, 29). The issue then comes up as to whether, since they are types of nonverbal expression, fashion could be viewed as being somehow similar to written or verbal communication. For instance, when Umberto Eco declares to be communicating through his attires he perhaps implies that he is following fashion to perform the same kinds of tasks as he makes use of verbal expression to perform in other circumstances Essentially, the symbolism of Eco appears to indicate that fashion is created into something similar to a language (Barnard 2002, 29). Alison Lurie, in The Language of Clothes, seems to think that there is an open similarity. She argues that there are numerous distinct expressions of fashion, each espousing its own language. In view of this, fashion is the counterpart of word and could be assembled into ‘expressions’ (p. 29-30). For instance, as explained by Barnard (2002), Lurie proposes that an individual having hardly any clothes, will have little opportunity to build more

Development in the novel Essay Example for Free

Development in the novel Essay Great Expectations has been described as the story of a snobs progress. In the light of this comment, describe Pips development in the novel. Refer to the changes in the way he behaves and talks, the reactions of other characters in the novel and the reasons why he normally retains the readers sympathy.  In Great Expectations, Pips character goes through many changes. His morals and outlook on life are both greatly affected by his lifestyle, and his view of other characters is changed by his experiences and surroundings. At the beginning of Great Expectations, we see Pip as a very young child, living in fear of his sister, Mrs Joe Gargery. Joe is described in much the same way, which shows how he is childish at heart. We are told that Pip also sees this in chapter 2, when he tells us I always treated him as a larger species of child. Pip and Joe both live in fear of Mrs Joes regular Ram-pages, and her wax coated cane, Tickler. Although Pip and Joe obviously fear Tickler, Pip never really speaks of his fear in the book. It is seen more as a part of his life than a painful experience. For example, when Pip arrives home late after his encounter with Magwitch and learns of Mrs Joes Ram-page, he is told by Joe that Which is worse, shes got Tickler with her. Instead of showing fear, we are simply told that At this dismal intelligence, I twisted the only button on my waistcoat round and round, and looked in great depression at the fire Mrs Joes treatment of Pip is mimicked by Uncle Pumblechook, who seems to be fully supportive of her complaints against Pip mainly that he exists and that she has to look after him. At the start of the book, Pumblechook is very nasty to Pip, and is also fully supported by the Hubbles (at Christmas dinner) and Mr Wopsle. The main topic of conversation (apart from pork) is how ungrateful Pip is. This is brought up first by Pumblechook, who says be grateful, boy, to them which brought you up by hand.. This is then backed by Mrs Hubble, who adds Why is it that the young are never grateful?. This conversation continues for some time, which cause Pip to remain silent and sink into his chair. These two examples show that in the first section of the book, Pip is afraid of his surroundings. He keeps quiet and tries to stay away from company (except Joe) to avoid punishment. Joe is Pips only friend, and makes up for the absence of other children in his life. Pip is happy talking to Joe, unlike Mrs Joe and her circle of friends.  Pip meets two other main characters in the first part of the book, and they are Miss Havisham and Estella. These are two of the most important characters in Great Expectations, and Dickens develops their characters a lot. Upon Pips first meeting with Miss Havisham, he is afraid of her, but it is not the same kind of fear as he has for Mrs Joe. He fears Mrs Joe as he fears Tickler, and does not want to be punished. However, he is afraid of Miss Havisham because she is strange and twisted. Pip does not understand her, and does not know what she is capable of, or what she could do to him. He speaks of her as a ghost, and sees many disturbing sights inside Satis House, such as the infested wedding feast and the stopped clocks. Pip tells us of his terror at his first sight of Miss Havisham. She can see his fear, and asks him You are not afraid of a woman who has never seen the sun since you were born?. We are then told that I regret to state that I was not afraid of telling the enormous lie comprehended in the answer No. As the book progresses, Pip comes to realise that there is nothing to be afraid of in Miss Havisham. By the end of the book he is happy to confront, criticise and even insult her. Pip also misinterprets Estellas character. He falls in love with her the first time he sees her, even though he is only seven years old. This is obviously what Miss Havisham was trying to achieve, as she is continually quizzing Pip on his thoughts about Estella, and one of the first things she asks him is What do you think of her?. Pip, after some hesitation, replies that he thinks she is proud and rude but also pretty. Pip says little to Estella herself, but once he has left Satis House he is totally obsessed by Estella. This leads us onto a sudden change in Pips character.

Essay --

1. Issues creating conflict in the scenario. Conflict refers to struggle or ideological differences between at least two or more parties, who have different tastes, perceive incompatible goals and objectives, scare resources and interference from others in achieving their desire. Issues that create conflict between Jim and Sarah in the scenario are their individual taste and preference. The two share work space and whereas Jim prefers listening to radio while he works, Sarah prefers very quite environment and the radio is a likely of destruction to her. Another cause of conflict is that Jim is very bossy and proud. Despite the fact that the two are employed to perform equal task of maintaining databases, Jim always feel that he is too senior in the organization and he makes very unique contributions to the organization. In this, he disregards Sarah’s contribution that does similar job like him. Another cause of conflict is that Sara’s is interested at changing the dynamics of the work to enhance her performance, and Jim is rigid about changing the dynamics and does not provide any working solution to the conflict. Sarah and Jim’s conflict management style Various people have different styles of managing conflicts in work places. These styles include, compromise, competition, accommodation, avoidance and collaboration. It is true that Sarah and Jim have different ways of managing the conflicts between the two of them. This diversity in conflict management styles between the two persons can be justified in the following ways; Sarah’s conflict management style Sara initially prefers accommodation style. She fears clashing with Jim over his behaviors and instead continues working in the noisy environment though she shows discomfort... ...em, he has never been involved in any scandal. In conclusion, it is true to say that Benjamin is an authentic leader because through his leadership, he has been able to diagnose problems and give the best course of action to solve the problem. Through his focus and charismatic leadership, he has been able to yield a lot of influence and power within the public and the political class. 3.Lessons that I can I take from Benjamin Bernanke’s leadership Benjamin is a very successful leader and a man who yields influence because of his hard work and determination. These are virtues that I would really love to use especially when I become a leader. I would love to provide amicable solutions to societal problems and leave legacy as an authentic leader who can easily be of help during crisis just like Benjamin during the economic crisis in 2008.

“Of Mice and Men” By John Steinbeck †Coursework Essay

â€Å"Of Mice and Men† was set in the 1930’s in North California. This was a time of economic hardship due to the Wall Street Crash. Men were forced to leave their families and find work on ranches. Pay and working conditions were poor. Men scraped by, spending any extra money they had gambling or in one of the many whore houses. This is where Steinbeck drew his inspiration from; he spent time on the ranches experiencing the hardships experienced by the workers. The book is about these workers and the extremely lonely lives they led. It also exposes underlying themes of racism and how badly the disabled were treated. This was a time when people looked after number one, as there was nobody else to do this for them. The two main characters are somewhat different, as they travel and work together, looking out for each other. This was very unusual because life would have been hard enough without the extra responsibility of looking after another person. The two main characters have just been evicted from their work in a town called â€Å"Soledad† (which means loneliness). They are the only people in the book whose names Christian names are actually used. It shows that nobody makes the effort to make friends enough to be on first name terms. This is symbolic of the loneliness of each of the characters and shows how unusual the two main characters are. The two main characters are called George ands Lennie. There is very little information about them in the book. They work for their keep on the ranches. Lennie is slightly brain damaged and has a very limited memory. He is an enormous man and Steinbeck often compares his actions with those of a large, clumsy animal using similes and metaphors: â€Å"Dragging his feet a little, the way a bear drags his paws.† These are intended to subtly give the reader the impression that Lennie is big and clumsy, like an animal that does not know its own strength; â€Å"Lennie dabbled his big paw in the water.† George is exactly the opposite of Lennie. He is small, dark and quick, and is cautious about his surroundings; â€Å"The small man stepped nervously†¦Ã¢â‚¬  George is always on the look out and he knows how to look after himself. The town they had just come from was called â€Å"Weed† which could signify that they were unwanted, like a weed, there: they were forced out of there because Lennie made a mistake. He had grabbed a woman and she said that he had raped her. George is very much the dominant figure in the relationship and makes all the decisions. At the very start you can tell this because Lennie copies George in the way he looks and acts; â€Å"Lennie, who had been watching imitated George exactly.† This suggests that Lennie looks up to George and wants to be j ust like him. This is quite sad really as he has ended up nothing like him. Lennie hates to make George angry, like a dog that hates to make his master angry. George feels responsible for Lennie. He is like a father figure to him, and he knows that Lennie would never be able to survive without him. He feels a sense of duty because â€Å"Aunt Clara† told him to look after Lennie. The other reason they travel together is George, though he doesn’t like to admit it, enjoys Lennie’s company and he doesn’t want to let go of the â€Å"American Dream†. They share the dream of owning their own place with a few animals; â€Å"livin’ off the fatta’ the lan'†. George knows it is very unlikely to happen but Lennie still believes and always likes to hear the story of â€Å"how it’s gonna be†. This is painful for George and he is reluctant to talk about it. You can tell it is important to Lennie because he forgets anything he is told but he re members the dream. George and Lennie are always dreaming of the future. When George and Lennie arrive on the ranch, the ranch hands and the boss are suspicious of their relationship. They suspect that George is taking Lennie’s stake for himself; â€Å"I said what stake you got in this guy? You takin’ his pay away from him?† They cannot see why someone else would travel with someone who would restrict them unless they were getting paid. They are lonelier than George and Lennie, and have no real concept of friendship. Despite having Lennie as a companion, George is also lonely. He is alone in his responsibility for Lennie. In a way it is more like speaking to an animal than a human when speaking to Lennie because George knows that whatever he says to him will be forgotten and mean nothing. From the very beginning we get a hint of this by the way Lennie is made to seem more like a responsibility than a friend to George. Lennie is made to seen like an animal, â€Å"like a terrier that doesn’t want to bring his ball back to his master†, maybe signifying that he is like a pet that always needs looking after. Steinbeck also uses George playing solitaire as a metaphor for his loneliness; â€Å"George cut the cards again and put out a solitaire lay, slowly and deliberately.† George lays the cards out like he has done it many time’ before. Solitaire is a single player game (and solitaire is derived from solitary), this shows that Lennie is not capable of acting like an adult and so George must play on his own. George is held from having his own life by the responsibility of caring for Lennie. He continuously tells Lennie how life would be without him; how he could have a girl and a decent job: â€Å"God a’mighty, if I was alone I could live so easy† The truth though, is that George would be even lonely without Lennie. It is ironic at the end of the book that George should be so upset by the death of Lennie, because then he realizes that he will have to spend all the rest if his time alone. You never know what you have until it is gone. One of the ranch workers, Candy, features heavily in the book. He tries to join the friendship of George and Lennie. Candy is extremely lonely. He has been working on the ranch for many years and due to his disability. He is unable to leave because he knows that no other employer would take him on. The only reason he has got work now, is that he suffered the injury to his hand on the ranch. He has seen many men come and go but he cannot move on. Candy knows he will probably die on the ranch. Candy is very talkative because he is so eager to make friends. He warms to this gossip because he on his own when all the workers are in the fields. As soon as he meets George and Lennie he engages them in conversation, hardly letting them speak. He lets out all the opinions, about Curley and his wife and the other ranch hands that he has formed and never had anybody to tell them to. In fact the only sort of a friend he has is an old dog. The dog is old, has no teeth and it stinks. The dog is used to symbolise Candy: old and useless. The dog is also used as a foreshadowing device for Lennie’s death. When Carlson tells him that he should kill the dog he tries to stop him by making up excuses: â€Å"Maybe it’d hurt him,† and tries to put the inevitable off; wants to spend just one more day with the dog by killing it in the morning. The only reason Candy had left to live was the dog so in a way Carlson killed a part of him. The dog is also used as a second foreshadowing device for what George has to do to Lennie in the conclusion of the book. Lennie, unlike the dog, however will be killed by the only person he trusts in the world. This will come from the pressure of other people. In the early 20th Century, blacks were heavily persecuted because of their colour. The stable buck is called Crooks and is discriminated because he is a black; â€Å"S’pose you couldn’t go into the bunkhouse and place rummy ’cause you were blackà ¢â‚¬ . He is kept apart from the other ranch hands because of his race. He is very nervous when Lennie enters his room. This is because crooks has his own living space away from the other men. The only people he sees are probably going to insult or hurt him so he is immediately on guard when someone comes in to his room. He is also discriminated against because of his crippled back, which means that he can’t work in the fields like the other men. Crooks reveals his past to Lennie in his barn. The irony that his father used to own his own ranch and once he used to lead a comfortable life must be extremely painful for him to relive when he thinks about his present lonely self. That is probably why he is so bitter towards the other men who are treating him so harshly. Crooks is always dreaming of the past; â€Å"Remember when I was a little kid on old man’s chicken ranch.† The other men would probably dream of having their own space but Crooks is so lonely he would rather be with other people; â€Å"A guy needs somebody to be near him.† All Crooks has for company is a small collection of books that he reads over and over again. It must be very lonely being on your own all the time when he thinks about what it had been like when he owned his own ranch. Sometimes he almost goes crazy with loneliness; â€Å"Maybe if he sees somethin’, he don’t know whether it’s right or not. He can’t turn to the other guy and ast him if he sees it too,† He is only admitting this because he knows that Lennie is not listening, and even if he was, he couldn’t remember and repeat what was being said anyway. Crooks is proud and doesn’t want to admit that he is lonely or that the men are getting to him by calling him names and abusing him, â€Å"If I say something, why it’s just a nigger saying it.† When someone calls somebody something enough times a person will start to absorb the names and start to believe that there is some truth to what the person is saying about them. Crooks is treated like an animal. One Christmas time they â€Å"let† him into the bunkhouse and made him fight. The word â€Å"let† is used like letting an animal in for a treat. He then leaves after his fight, for his own room. The men just use him as entertainment. His life is always under threat because he means nothing them. Curley’s wife plays a very prominent role in the book as she brings the death of Lennie and herself. She is not given a name through the whole book. This signifies how little everyone thinks of her. She is referred to as â€Å"jail bait† and â€Å"slut† by all the ranch hands. This is due to the manner she has adopted to befriend the men. She constantly flirts with any man she meets and being pretty at the same time, she is bound to get herself into some sort of trouble. She acts like this because she is lonely and it is her way of attracting attention to herself. The problem is that all the workers are afraid to talk to her because they fear what Curley would do to them if they did. Curley is always looking for a fight to show how much of man he is. If he got just the faint scent of her cheating on him he would fight. Nobody want to get on the wrong side of Curley because they know he is a good boxer and because he is the boss’s son he can probably get anyone â€Å"canned† if he wants, In reality, Curley’s wife doesn’t actually like Curley and even admits to Lennie: â€Å"I don’t like Curley.† She married him to show her mother that she could be independent and to get back at her for the letter that could have been her big break that she thinks her mother stole. Curley’s wife is dreaming of what could have been, how she could have been in the movies and what a lifestyle she could have had. The marriage between Curley and Curley’s wife is not based on love but on sexual attraction Curley’s wife is also very lonely, that is why she is always skulking around the bunkhouse with the men. She needs someone to talk to; She uses the excuse that she is looking for her husband. In the end her loneliness is the end of her when she tries to talk to Lennie (much the same way as Crooks let out his thoughts to him). The climax of the book starts in the barn. The scene begins with Lennie worrying about his puppy which he has just killed accidentally. Curley’s wife enters, as usual looking for someone to talk to. She begins telling Lennie her life story. All through the book she has been portrayed as a spiteful woman; â€Å"foolin’ around with other guys, causin’ trouble.†, but here her true character comes out. Lennie ends up telling her about his love for soft things so she lets him stroke her hair. The other men can resist her charms but Lennie is not clever enough to know. Lennie strokes it a bit too vigorously and her panic affects Lennie. He breaks her neck by accident, then thinks that if he hides the puppy, which is used as a foreshadowing device to Curley’s wife’s death George will be more likely to let him tend his precious rabbits. This is sad and ironic, as Lennie cannot grasp the enormity of the thing he has just done. Curley’s wife seemed peaceful after her death; â€Å"the ache for attention were gone from her face.† She was realised from her prison on the ranch and was now free and happy. When George hears, he despairs, for Lennie has ended their chance of achieving the impossible â€Å"American Dream†. One of the themes of this book is certainly loneliness. The people are segregated into groups. Age, disabilities, race and sex separate many people. Also the time of economic hardship forced men to look after number one. It made it very hard for the men to form friendships as they have very few responsibilities. The book is about the unusual friendship of George and Lennie who have nothing in common with each other apart from they share the American Dream. That is all that keeps them going. It is extremely sad when George is forced to kill Lennie because he was all that George had left. It was ironic because George had always spoken about what life would be like without Lennie; how he could be free. Now he had his wish he was devastated that he had had to kill the only friend that he had in the world.

The meal experience Essay

Introduction The assignment I will be doing will be about a recent meal experience I had in an establishment. I recently went for a meal in a local brasserie situated in my town I will be discussing the intangible and tangible factors that influenced my meal experience. Reason for choice The reason I chose to carry out my assignment on this particular meal experience is because it is the most recent meal I have been out for in a long time and I heard from a number of sources that the restaurant was a great place to eat and it had got great reviews on trip advisor so I decided to give it a try. Also it is the only restaurant I have actually been out for a meal in during the last two years. Booking I planned to go for meal one Tuesday night with my other half, so I rang the restaurant to book a table for two. A young woman answered the phone pleasantly and asked if she could help me. I then asked her if I could book a table for two at 7:30pm. She then responded politely saying â€Å"you can of course. The table will be ready for you at 7:30, is there anything else I can help you with?† I responded to her question saying â€Å"no that is perfect thank you very much.† I found the woman on the phone very polite and she made me feel very relaxed and comfortable on the phone. So I can say the booking was a success The restaurant is a casual dining restaurant so we didn’t have to wear anything specific or even book a table but I did anyway just to be safe. Arrival The restaurant is situated on Portlaoise Main Street, at the top of an off licence. A negative to the arrival is that there is no parking at the restaurant. We had to park the car at a completely different place to where the restaurant is. My other half was wearing heels and we had to walk a good half a mile from the car park. However, we didn’t mind the walk too much but it is a bit much to have to walk that distance. When we reached the restaurant we had to climb a lot of stairs on the way up to the restaurant which is the only way up. The establishment is not suitable for disabled  people in terms of entering and exiting. We reached the reception finally. It was there we had our first look at the place. My first impression that it was small but had a good feng shui. The restaurant wasn’t full but there were a few people there just the way I like it. The girl greeted us and welcomed us. We thanked her and told her we had a reservation for 7:30 and we gave her our names. She then showed us to our table. I sat down and tested the table and chairs to see if it was wobbly but it wasn’t which was great because I cannot stand for a wobbly table when having a meal. The woman who was a waitress as well asked us if we wanted anything to drink. I asked for water, which was brought to me quite fast which I was satisfied with. The Menus were already on the table because it is a casual dining restaurant. The waitress after bringing the water left us for a few minutes while we decided what to eat. First Course My partner and I looked through the menu which was quite concise and had a good variety as it ranged from comfort food like burgers, steaks and chips to classic Italian dishes like pasta caribonara and lasagne and even Asian dishes like stir-fry and spring rolls. We were quite pleased with the selection and type of food that was available which left us spoiled for choice. The menu was A la carte so we could order as we went. Eventually my partner and I decided on our dishes. She got the filo prawns and I got the mixed salad. The waitress came back and we gave her the order. 5 minutes later she came out with both dishes. The speed of the service was great because I was quite hungry. Once the dishes arrived presented accordingly, nothing special, on their plates I tasted my salad and found no faults with it. they served it with their house dressing which I enjoyed. My other half enjoyed her prawns. I tasted one and after tasting it I could tell that it was something out of a box that was frozen so I didn’t enjoy the filo prawn so I left half of it. During the first course the waitress came to ensure that everything was ok and asked if we wanted anything else, so the service was good. The Main Meal. We finished our first course which was a success. So we moved on to our main course of the evening. After the waitress cleared our plates she gave us roughly 5 minutes between the meals before she brought out the main course.  I found that amount of time to be too little because my salad hadn’t yet gone down. My partner only had two prawns so she was quite happy with the time taken. We had ordered the â€Å"ultimate relish burger,† which was an enormous burger made of two 8oz patties, an onion ring on each patty, bacon and melted cheese and then stacked on top of each other and presented on a black slate. Presentation was great. I thought that it would be a big burger so my partner and I decided to share. When the burger came out it was way bigger than my expectations. in the end two of us couldn’t even finished it The burger however tasted great and we thoroughly enjoyed it. Sweet We were so stuffed from the first two meals that we called it a night and asked for the bill. We could not stomach anymore food. Close of meal. We come at last to the end of our â€Å"experience†, and what an experience it has been. Everything so far has exceeded what I was expecting- the room, the staff, the food, we enjoyed it very much. From the tangible elements like Food and drink, Variety of menu available, Level of service, Value for money, Interior design, Atmosphere and mood, Expectation and identification and the staff. The waitress came to clear our plates and we asked for the bill. We paid it, thanked the staff and went on our way. The only faults I can identify with the night was the speed at which the food came out. It was a bit too fast Also the walk from the car was a bit far so that is a negative and can be a big problem in the future. Reflection in memory A meal, like a good story, should have a good beginning, a middle and end, and it did for me and my partner. We enjoyed the experience. Just being able to even talk as loud as we want, wear anything at all and the atmosphere that everyone eating and working there created was great. It was my first time in a brasserie and it won’t be my last

Lowering the legal drinking age to 18 essays

Lowering the legal drinking age to 18 essays Lowering the Legal Drinking Age to 18 The legal drinking age in the United States is set at twenty-one years of age. I believe that considering twenty-one as the legal age of maturity is ridiculous. Who is to say that just because an individual is twenty-one means that they are mature enough to consume alcohol in a responsible manner? Changing the legal drinking age to eighteen should be enforced. Eighteen year-old individuals can take on many adult responsibilities, but they do not have the right to consume alcohol. Many feel this is unfair and biased. There is a tremendous controversy over whether to keep the legal drinking age at twenty-one, or to lower it to the legal age of adulthood, 18. Congress passed the National Minimum Purchase Age Act in 1984. This law was passed to encourage each state to change their legal drinking age to twenty-one years of age. The congress believed that if they raised the minimum drinking age that it would save a significant number of lives. They figured that a twenty-one year old person was more mature than the average eighteen year-old. That, in my opinion, was a huge mistake. Just because a person lives to be twenty-one does not determine how mature they are. For example, there are many teenagers in the world that are considerably more mature than the average twenty-one year-old. The determination of legality in drinking should not be age, but rather maturity and ability to handle responsibility. The twenty-one restriction seems out of date in todays society. Many parents of todays teenagers were legally allowed to drink at the age of eighteen. Todays teenagers face more responsibility and are treated much differently from the way their parents were treated. If twenty-one is considered so mature, then why is eighteen considered an adult? At the age of eighteen, an individual can vote, serve on a jury, stay out without a curfew, leave home, drive, smoke ...

Biography of Ernest Hemingway, Journalist and Writer

Biography of Ernest Hemingway, Journalist and Writer Ernest Hemingway (July 21, 1899–July 2, 1961) is considered one of the most influential writers of the 20th century. Best known for his novels and short stories, he was also an accomplished journalist and war correspondent.  Hemingways trademark prose style- simple and spare- influenced a generation of writers. Fast Facts: Ernest Hemingway Known For: Journalist and member of the Lost Generation group of writers who won the Pulitzer Prize and Nobel Prize in LiteratureBorn: July 21, 1899 in Oak Park, IllinoisParents: Grace Hall Hemingway and Clarence (Ed) Edmonds HemingwayDied: July 2, 1961 in Ketchum, IdahoEducation: Oak Park High SchoolPublished Works: The Sun Also Rises, A Farewell to Arms, Death in the Afternoon, For Whom the Bell Tolls, the Old Man and the Sea, A Moveable FeastSpouse(s):  Hadley Richardson (m. 1921–1927), Pauline Pfeiffer (1927–1939), Martha Gellhorn (1940–1945), Mary Welsh (1946–1961)Children: With Hadley Richardson: John Hadley Nicanor Hemingway (Jack 1923–2000); with Pauline Pfeiffer: Patrick (b. 1928), Gregory (Gig 1931–2001) Early Life Ernest Miller Hemingway was born on July 21, 1899 in Oak Park, Illinois, the second child born to Grace Hall Hemingway and Clarence (Ed) Edmonds Hemingway. Ed was a general medical practitioner and Grace a would-be opera singer turned music teacher. Hemingways parents reportedly had an unconventional arrangement, in which Grace, an ardent feminist, would agree to marry Ed only if he could assure her she would not be responsible for the housework or cooking. Ed acquiesced; in addition to his busy medical practice, he ran the household, managed the servants, and even cooked meals when the need arose. Ernest Hemingway grew up with four sisters; his much-longed-for brother did not arrive until Ernest was 15 years old. Young Ernest enjoyed family vacations at a cottage in northern Michigan where he developed a love of the outdoors and learned hunting and fishing from his father. His mother, who insisted that all of her children learn to play an instrument, instilled in him an appreciation of the arts. In high school, Hemingway co-edited the school newspaper and competed on the football and swim teams. Fond of impromptu boxing matches with his friends, Hemingway also played cello in the school orchestra. He graduated from Oak Park High School in 1917. World War I Hired by the Kansas City Star in 1917 as a reporter covering the police beat, Hemingway- obligated to adhere to the newspapers style guidelines- began to develop the succinct, simple style of writing that would become his trademark. That style was a dramatic departure from the ornate prose that dominated literature of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. After six months in Kansas City, Hemingway longed for adventure. Ineligible for military service due to poor eyesight, he volunteered in 1918 as an ambulance driver for the Red Cross in Europe. In July of that year, while on duty in Italy, Hemingway was severely injured by an exploding mortar shell. His legs were peppered by more than 200 shell fragments, a painful and debilitating injury that required several surgeries. As the first American to have survived being wounded in Italy in World War I, Hemingway was awarded a medal from the Italian government. While recovering from his wounds at a hospital in Milan, Hemingway met and fell in love with Agnes von Kurowsky, a nurse with the American Red Cross. He and Agnes made plans to marry once he had earned enough money. After the war ended in November 1918, Hemingway returned to the United States to look for a job, but the wedding was not to be. Hemingway received a letter from Agnes in March 1919, breaking off the relationship. Devastated, he became depressed and rarely left the house. Becoming a Writer Hemingway spent a year at his parents home, recovering from wounds both physical and emotional. In early 1920, mostly recovered and eager to be employed, Hemingway got a job in Toronto helping a woman care for her disabled son. There he met the features editor of the Toronto Star Weekly, which hired him as a feature writer. In fall of that year, he moved to Chicago and became a writer for  The Cooperative Commonwealth, a monthly magazine, while still working for the Star. Hemingway, however, longed to write fiction. He began submitting short stories to magazines, but they were repeatedly rejected. Soon, however, Hemingway had reason for hope. Through mutual friends, Hemingway met novelist Sherwood Anderson, who was impressed by Hemingways short stories and encouraged him to pursue a career in writing. Hemingway also met the woman who would become his first wife: Hadley Richardson. A native of St. Louis, Richardson had come to Chicago to visit friends after the death of her mother. She managed to support herself with a small trust fund left to her by her mother. The pair married in September 1921. Sherwood Anderson, just back from a trip to Europe, urged the newly married couple to move to Paris, where he believed a writers talent could flourish. He furnished the Hemingways with letters of introduction to American expatriate poet Ezra Pound and modernist writer Gertrude Stein. They set sail from New York in December 1921. Life in Paris The Hemingways found an inexpensive apartment in a working-class district in Paris. They lived on Hadleys inheritance and Hemingways income from the Toronto Star Weekly, which employed him as a foreign correspondent. Hemingway also rented out a small hotel room to use as his workplace. There, in a burst of productivity, Hemingway filled one notebook after another with stories, poems, and accounts of his childhood trips to Michigan. Hemingway finally garnered an invitation to the salon of Gertrude Stein, with whom he later developed a deep friendship. Steins home in Paris had become a meeting place for various artists and writers of the era, with Stein acting as a mentor to several prominent writers. Stein promoted the simplification of both prose and poetry as a backlash to the elaborate style of writing seen in past decades. Hemingway took her suggestions to heart and later credited Stein for having taught him valuable lessons that influenced his writing style. Hemingway and Stein belonged to the group of American expatriate writers in 1920s Paris who came to be known as the Lost Generation. These writers had become disillusioned with traditional American values following World War I; their work often reflected their sense of futility and despair. Other writers in this group included F. Scott Fitzgerald, Ezra Pound, T.S. Eliot, and John Dos Passos. In December 1922, Hemingway endured what might be considered a writers worst nightmare. His wife, traveling by train to meet him for a holiday, lost a valise filled with a large portion of his recent work, including carbon copies. The papers were never found. Getting Published In 1923, several of Hemingways poems and stories were accepted for publication in two American literary magazines, Poetry and The Little Review. In the summer of that year, Hemingways first book, Three Stories and Ten Poems, was published by an American-owned Paris publishing house. On a trip to Spain in the summer of 1923, Hemingway witnessed his first bullfight. He wrote of bullfighting in the Star, seeming to condemn the sport and romanticize it at the same time. On another excursion to Spain, Hemingway covered the traditional running of the bulls at Pamplona, during which young men- courting death or, at the very least, injury- ran through town pursued by a throng of angry bulls. The Hemingways returned to Toronto for the birth of their son. John Hadley Hemingway (nicknamed Bumby) was born October 10, 1923. They returned to Paris in January 1924, where Hemingway continued to work on a new collection of short stories, later published in the book In Our Time. Hemingway returned to Spain to work on his upcoming novel set in Spain: The Sun Also Rises. The book was published in 1926, to mostly good reviews. Yet Hemingways marriage was in turmoil. He had begun an affair in 1925 with American journalist Pauline Pfeiffer, who worked for the Paris Vogue. The Hemingways divorced in January 1927; Pfeiffer and Hemingway married in May of that year. Hadley later remarried and returned to Chicago with Bumby in 1934. Back to the U.S. In 1928, Hemingway and his second wife returned to the United States to live. In June 1928, Pauline gave birth to son Patrick in Kansas City. A second son, Gregory, would be born in 1931. The Hemingways rented a house in Key West, Florida, where Hemingway worked on his latest book, A Farewell to Arms, based upon his World War I experiences. In December 1928, Hemingway received shocking news- his father, despondent over mounting health and financial problems, had shot himself to death. Hemingway, whod had a strained relationship with his parents, reconciled with his mother after his fathers suicide and helped support her financially. In May 1928, Scribners Magazine published its first installment of A Farewell to Arms. It was well-received; however, the second and third installments, deemed profane and sexually explicit, were banned from newsstands in Boston. Such criticism only served to boost sales when the entire book was published in September 1929. The Spanish Civil War The early 1930s proved to be a productive (if not always successful) time for Hemingway. Fascinated by bullfighting, he traveled to Spain to do research for the non-fiction book, Death in the Afternoon. It was published in 1932 to generally poor reviews and was followed by several less-than-successful short story collections. Ever the adventurer, Hemingway traveled to Africa on a shooting safari in November 1933. Although the trip was somewhat disastrous- Hemingway clashed with his companions and later became ill with dysentery- it provided him with ample material for a short story, The Snows of Kilimanjaro, as well as a non-fiction book, Green Hills of Africa. While Hemingway was on a hunting and fishing trip in the United States in the summer of 1936, the Spanish Civil War began. A supporter of the loyalist (anti-Fascist) forces, Hemingway donated money for ambulances. He also signed on as a journalist to cover the conflict for a group of American newspapers and became involved in making a documentary. While in Spain, Hemingway began an affair with Martha Gellhorn, an American journalist and documentarian. Weary of her husbands adulterous ways, Pauline took her sons and left Key West in December 1939. Only months after she divorced Hemingway, he married Martha Gellhorn in November 1940. World War II Hemingway and Gellhorn rented a farmhouse in Cuba just outside of Havana, where both could work on their writing. Traveling between Cuba and Key West, Hemingway wrote one of his most popular novels: For Whom the Bell Tolls. A fictionalized account of the Spanish Civil War, the book was published in October 1940 and became a bestseller. Despite being named the winner of the Pulitzer Prize in 1941, the book did not win because the president of Columbia University (which bestowed the award) vetoed the decision. As Marthas reputation as a journalist grew, she earned assignments around the globe, leaving Hemingway resentful of her long absences. But soon, they would both be globetrotting. After the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor in December 1941, both Hemingway and Gellhorn signed on as war correspondents. Hemingway was allowed on board a troop transport ship, from which he was able to watch the D-day invasion of Normandy in June 1944. The Pulitzer and Nobel Prizes While in London during the war, Hemingway began an affair with the woman who would become his fourth wife- journalist Mary Welsh. Gellhorn learned of the affair and divorced Hemingway in 1945. He and Welsh married in 1946. They alternated between homes in Cuba and Idaho. In January 1951, Hemingway began writing a book that would become one of his most celebrated works: The Old Man and the Sea. A bestseller, the novella also won Hemingway his long-awaited Pulitzer Prize in 1953. The Hemingways traveled extensively  but were often the victims of bad luck. They were involved in two plane crashes in Africa during one trip in 1953. Hemingway was severely injured, sustaining internal and head injuries as well as burns. Some newspapers erroneously reported that he had died in the second crash. In 1954, Hemingway was awarded the career-topping Nobel Prize for literature. Decline and Death In January 1959, the Hemingways moved from Cuba to Ketchum, Idaho. Hemingway, now nearly 60 years old, had suffered for several years with high blood pressure and the effects of years of heavy drinking. He had also become moody and depressed and appeared to be deteriorating mentally. In November 1960, Hemingway was admitted to the Mayo Clinic for treatment of his physical and mental symptoms. He received electroshock therapy for his depression and was sent home after a two-month stay. Hemingway became further depressed when he realized he was unable to write after the treatments. After three suicide attempts, Hemingway was readmitted to the Mayo Clinic and given more shock treatments. Although his wife protested, he convinced his doctors he was well enough to go home. Only days after being discharged from the hospital, Hemingway shot himself in the head in his Ketchum home early on the morning of July 2, 1961. He died instantly. Legacy A larger-than-life figure, Hemingway thrived on high adventure, from safaris and bullfights to wartime journalism and adulterous affairs, communicating that to his readers in an immediately recognizable spare, staccato format. Hemingway is among the most prominent and influential of the Lost Generation of expatriate writers who lived in Paris in the 1920s. Known affectionately as Papa Hemingway, he was awarded both the Pulitzer Prize and the Nobel Prize in literature, and several of his books were made into movies.   Sources Dearborn, Mary V. Ernest Hemingway: A Biography. New York, Alfred A. Knopf, 2017.Hemingway, Ernest. Moveable Feast: The Restored Edition. New York: Simon and Schuster, 2014.Henderson, Paul. Hemingways Boat: Everything He Loved in Life, and Lost, 1934–1961. New York, Alfred A. Knopf, 2011.Hutchisson, James M. Ernest Hemingway: A New Life. University Park: The Pennsylvania State University Press, 2016.

The Value of Jackson Pollock's Painting Assignment

The Value of Jackson Pollock's Painting - Assignment Example The paper "The Value of Jackson Pollock's Painting" concerns the paintings of Jackson Pollock. Jackson Pollock’s painting can be sold for millions dollars because the artist is generally identified as a self created legend, is related to the innovative painting technique of drip painting within Abstract Expressionism genre, his artworks are renowned for spontaneity, his artistic career is interconnected with the development of mass media, and his artworks are symbolic of Americanism with immense artistic and economic value. One can see that fame and success within the scenario of art cannot be attained without any individual effort. Harold Rosenberg stated that, â€Å"The act on the canvas springs from an attempt to resurrect the saving moment in his â€Å"story† when the painter first felt himself released from Value-myth of past self-recognition†. For instance, the popularity of the artworks by Jackson Pollock is interconnected with the artist’s effort t o go beyond the limits of traditional mode of painting. To be specific, the artist did not try to follow the painters who adopted traditional methods in painting. Instead, he chose his own way and method within art. Besides, he knew that traditionalistic approach towards art, especially in painting, cannot help him to attain the status of a legend. But one must not misunderstand that his aim was to acclaim fame because he believed in individual freedom of artists. Similarly, Jackson Pollock was deeply interested in experimenting with different types of paints.

Importance of Professional development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Importance of Professional development - Essay Example Striving for professional development in field of Beverages: Field of beverages production and manufacturing is solely dependent on the supply chain effective; through effective supply chain can the professional development be achieved. It further demands a thorough insight into the various sectors of the beverages industry where improvements and margins are possible. Considering the modern day challenges and changes that have taken place in the management field with regard to the professional development, a total revamping of the beverages industry is sought which scrutinizes the personnel , the tools and techniques, used along with the processes conducted based on those tools. Highlighting of areas that have direct impact on the improvement and deterioration of the supply chain and the beverage industry is the first step towards obtaining professional development. In modern times, the supply chain operations are conducted through state of the art technology and various other tools that have made things very fast, easy yet demanding. Like any other organization and industry, the beverages industry supply chain requires input from every individual involved. With the operational staff in the front line of actions and delivery performance, the top management have equal responsibility for ensuring the smooth operations and providing of relief and benefits to the middle management and lower staff who perform these supply chain operations. Fragility of Supply Chain: The supply chain department is the most fragile component of any organization that is associated with outside world. Achieving professional development would seek mastering this segment of the organization since it involves both the internal sources, and the external sources. The... The researcher states that in the modern management world, the rules and metrics for achieving excellence have become tough, with more number of players in the market and the supply chains entailing the international players, it is a double difficult job today achieving professional development. However, it is only through the professional approach that the modern day challenges can be faced and mitigated in the discipline of supply chain operations. While organizational behavior has is an effective body that influences human resources, strategic decision management is valued too. It is equally applicable to the field of supply chain. The aim of this essay is to find the management tips and procedures which would guide to the professional development in the field of Supply Chain. Having defined rest of the important factors which contribute towards the professional development, the study, that is presented in this essay would be incomplete without the mention of strategy. It is the p rocess of putting plans into action with consideration of variables attached. Presence of effective strategy is mantioned too, as the back bone towards touching the professional development. The researcher concluds that without it the entire project and its crew would operate in tangents. An important distinction must be made between the goal definition and strategy, goal definition gives an insight into the end product, while the strategy is a step wise process which provides step by step overview to be conducted for the goals achievement.

Report on feasibility for investment in the construction sector Essay

Report on feasibility for investment in the construction sector - Essay Example There are 5 basic groups of ratios that are generally used for business analysis. From these, we select 1-2 ratios from each group depending upon the information provided by each company, and subsequently assess each company depending on these selected ratios. The 5 basic ratio groups are explained below: Profitability Ratios: These are defined as the ratios that are used to measure the degree of success of a business concern in terms of determining factors such as liquidity, assets, return on investment etc. Ex-Group Operating Profit. Group operating profit: Leopold A. Bernstein (1999) defines the Group as a measure of a company's earning power from ongoing operations, equal to earnings before the deduction of interest payments and income taxes. Dividend per Share: Leopold A. Bernstein (1999) explains that Dividend per share is the payment designated by the board of directors to be distributed pro rata among the shares outstanding per shareholder. On preferred shares, it is generally a fixed amount. On common shares, the dividend varies with the fortunes of the company and the amount of cash on hand, and may be omitted if business is poor or the directors determine to withhold earnings to invest in plant and equipment. Sometimes a company will pay a dividend out of past earnings even if it is not currently operating at a profit. Operating Profit: It is defined as the difference between the revenue or turnover and the costs incurred during operations ie. Total operating expenses. Turnover or turnover ratio: It simply is the amount of business done by a firm during a financial year. DETAILS OF THE STUDY For the study, some core financial ratios of each of the 5 companies were studied and tabulated as shown under: 1) Alfred Mcalpine Group operating profit has risen by 6% to 38.2m (highest so far) before exceptional charges, tax and goodwill amortization. But the profit after goodwill amortization and exceptional charge

Benefits of a Healthy Body Weight in the Elderly

Benefits of a Healthy Body Weight in the Elderly A Review Of The Benefits Of Nutritional Intervention In Improving Body Weight, BMI, Activities Of Daily Living (ADL), Decrease Functional Limitation and Healthcare Cost Among Elderly. Introduction Malnutrition is a condition in which consumption of insufficient of nutrients that are required by the body to maintain optimal function of the organs and tissues. Secondary to chronic or progressive disease, older people are vulnerable to malnutrition (Klipstein-Grobusch, Reilly, Potter, Edwards, Roberts, 1995; Watson, 1999). So it was believed that as the population of the elderly increases, cases of malnutrition among the elderly will also increase. 5-10% of non- institutionalized elderly are malnourished is shown in epidemiological studies (Posner et al., 1994). Furthermore, studies have shown that 51-61% of nursing home residents are at risk of malnutrition and 12-29% residents are malnourished (Guigoz, 2006; Suominen et al., 2005; Wojszel, 2006). Therefore, it can be concluded that malnutrition affect all the elderly no matter where they stay. The purpose of the review is to determine the effectiveness of nutritional intervention in improving nutritional status among the elder ly and reduce healthcare cost at the same time in order to prevent further increasing of malnutrition among elderly. It is relevant to nursing with the use of nutritional intervention such as oral supplementation because nurses can help the patients to monitor nutritional status and give feedback to the dietician when the patients are not compliance or the supplementations are not suitable for them to consume. Benefits of nutritional intervention Continuous intervention The first study used observational, prospective, longitudinal, cohort study which involved 378 elderly malnourished patients aged over 70 who lived in community, at home or in institutions which selected by general practitioners in France from two groups, group 1 with rare and group 2 with frequent prescription of oral nutritional supplements with contain high energy and protein. The aim of the study is to determine the impact of nutritional support on the cost and related comorbidities among elderly. Each patient was required to complete 12 months follow-up to measure the nutritional status, medical care consumption and identify malnutrition-related comorbidities. Nutritional status was adjusted using a generalized linear modeling approach and medical care costs were adjusted using a propensity score framework. Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) was significantly better in group 2 than 1from the first evaluation until the end of the study (P Another study was done in Amsterdam to determine the effectiveness of oral supplementation in decreasing functional limitation among malnourished elderly patients in hospital which involved 210 Dutch patients who aged 60 years and above using randomized control trial. Patients in intervention group received standardized nutritional support in hospital and continuing until three months after discharge. Telephone counseling by dietician is done to give advice and stimulate compliance to the proposed nutritional intake every other week after discharge. Patients in control group received the usual care and did not receive post-discharge nutritional support. Cost data were collected from societal perspective and measures using two cost diaries. The degree of difficulties patient experience with 6 activities such as climbing stairs, dress themselves, getting up and sitting down in a chair (score 0-6) measured by Functional Limitation Questionnaire (Kriegsman, Deej, van Eijk, Penninx Boeke , 1997). After three months follow-up, patients in control group had longer mean length of hospital stay and often admitted to other inpatient institutions compared to patients in intervention group. Patients in intervention groups were able to do more physical activities and costs spent were lower than in control group. The probability of the cost-effective for the intervention lies around 0.5 compared with the usual care which was 0.6 at maximum. After oral nutritional support was given, significant improvements in functional limitations was confirmed by the study done by Woo, Ho, Mak, Law, Cheung (1994). Need-based intervention A group of 92 elderly who aged 65 years and above in nursing home at Taiwan participated in a randomized, double blind, controlled trial which included one year follow-up to observe mortality. This study done to examine the effectiveness of need-based strategy in improving the nutritional status among elderly in nursing home. Elderly in intervention group were given routine monitoring and a warm soup which contained nutrient supplement while elderly in control group were given routine care and normal warm soup. The content in the soup and detail about the study was not told to the resident involved. The participants’ nutritional status was evaluated using MNA and the height, weight, mid-arm circumference, calf circumference, BMI was measured and calculated. The elderly in intervention group who give supplement would be suspended once either one of the â€Å"at risk† condition was corrected. Over-nutrition can be prevented and saved cost by giving supplements when it is needed. There was significantly improved body weight, BMI, mid-arm circumference, calf circumference and others in intervention group (all p Conclusion From this review, it concluded that nutritional intervention such as oral supplementation is effective in preventing malnutrition among elderly. Oral supplementation can be taken with warm soup that is easily prepared, saved costs and with no associated digestive problems. Even though overall studies used different methods implementing oral supplementations, the results clearly showed that there was improvement in patients’ body weight, BMI, ADL and nutrition status after nutritional intervention used. It is also effective using oral supplementation with routine screening such as MNA which enables early identification of those who are at risk so that an appropriate intervention can be taken. We as nurses are able to assess the patients’ nutritional status frequently using MNA by reporting any changes to the dietician and able to administer the oral supplementation ordered for the patients. Limitations for all the studies were small sample sizes used and health condition of the patients participated may change during the study which will cause the ineffective of the oral supplementation. Future research should be done in various hospitals, community hospitals and nursing homes so that results obtained will be more accurate. The study should be done with a longer follow-up to give more opportunities for the patients to improve and a more accurate cost spent can be obtained. A longer follow-up can determine the effectiveness of nutritional intervention on quality of life and physical activities accurately. 1 | Page